Gadamer’s Experience and Theory of Education 7
are less important than this 6 nding of a model. At the time Gadamer was
also enthralled by the poetry and worldview of Stefan George and his
“circle.” It was a movement with pedagogical implications since it defended
the view that the poet, and Stefan George himself, was a leading 6 gure in
the education of Germany. His circle was quite an elitist lot, which looked
down with disdain on modern mathematical science and the vulgarity
of everyday life. In his autobiography of 1977, Gadamer still praised the
“value tables of the George circle” which “represented in an increasingly
atomistic society a corporative consciousness of high spiritual voltage which
attracted him and whose determination and assurance he could not but
admire.”
5
Gadamer did not really become a member of the George circle,
but remained close to some of its members throughout the course of
his studies.
With those inD uences, and as a kind of rebellion against the pressure he
felt from his father, it was clear that he would devote himself to literature,
the arts, and philosophy. Philosophy 6 nally won out, because it was the spirit
of the arts and literature that attracted him, not the formal, scholarly aspects
of those disciplines. He had the good fortune of studying with some of the
best thinkers of his time, most notably Martin Heidegger, Nicolai Hartman,
Paul Natorp, Richard Hönigswald, Ernst Robert Curtius, Rudolf Bultmann,
and some of the 6 nest humanists in ancient philology, such as Paul Friedländer
and Werner Jaeger, who was famous, among other things, for his work on
Greek humanism and its paradigmatic importance for education (an idea
he defended in his book Paideia). He knew them during the course of his
studies at the University of Breslau (1918–19), but mostly at the University
of Marburg (1919–28). The climate of the idyllic university town of Marburg
was perhaps as signi6 cant as the ideas that he absorbed. The German uni-
versity system, especially before the “Massenuniversität” which sprang up in
the 1960s, was not very standardized or “school-like” (“verschult,” as they say
in German), that is, based on credits, numerous exams, and the like. It was
rather small, reserved for the chosen few, and it encouraged experiment
(a vital term for Gadamer). One embarked on university studies as on an
adventure, studying a vast array of disciplines (Gadamer attended lectures
in literature, art history, philosophy, ancient philology, history, even Sanskrit,
and some theology, in short, whatever was interesting) and with time one
gained close contact with an important teacher, of whom one would become
the pupil. This type of education often became very personal. For instance,
Gadamer met his most inD uential teacher, Martin Heidegger, already a
well-known 6 gure, during the fall semester at the University of Freiburg in
1923, and in the following summer, Heidegger would invite Gadamer and
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