Education System of India

This presentation aims to elaborate the current prevailing education system and its emergence in India.
Anshika Singh, Masters in Corporate Communication Management 3rd Semester, 2016-18, Banaras Hindu University.

The Indian school education system is one of the largest and most complex in the world. The complexity of the system stems from India’s need to maintain standard and uniformity while giving scope for its diverse culture and heritage to grow and flourish across the length and breadth of the country. After independence, India has worked hard to provide access to almost all its young people, but it has only just begun to focus on aspects of quality and seek to improve learning outcomes.

Present Education System :
The present system of education was introduced and founded by the British in the 20th century, by the recommendations of Macaulay.
It has a western style and content.
The British Govt. did not recognize the traditional structures and so they have declined.
It is said that even Gandhi described the traditional educational system as a beautiful tree which was destroyed during the British rule.

EDUCATION FOR ALL:
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India's flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory Education as a Fundamental Right.

Right to education:
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE), is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21a of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the Act came into force on 1 April 2010.

1. Anshika Singh MCCM 3 rd Sem.

2. The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true education. Martin Luther King, Jr . What is education ? As per the dictionary, “Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.”

3. Introduction The Indian school education system is one of the largest and most complex in the world. The complexity of the system stems from India’s need to maintain standard and uniformity, while giving scope for its diverse culture and heritage to grow and flourish across the length and breadth of the country. After independence India has worked hard to provide access to almost all its young people, but it has only just begun to focus on aspects of quality and seek to improve learning outcomes.

4. HISTORY OF Ancient EDUCATION The education in India has a rich and interesting history. It is believed that in the ancient days, the education was imparted orally by the sages and the scholars and the information was passed on from one generation to the other. After the development of letters, it took the form of writing using the palm leaves and the barks of trees . This also helped in spreading the written literature . The temples and the community centers formed the role of schools . Later , the Gurukul system of education came into existence.

5. The Gurukuls were the traditional Hindu residential schools of learning. This system is referred as the oldest and the most effective system of education . Here, the teacher imparted knowledge on various aspects of the religion, the scriptures, the philosophy, the literature, the warfare, the statecraft, the medicine astrology and the history . The British records reveal that the education was widespread in the 18 th  century, with a school for every temple, mosque or village in most regions of the country

6. Present E ducation System : The present system of education was introduced and founded by the British in the 20 th  century, by the recommendations of Macaulay . It has western style and content. The British govt. did not recognize the traditional structures and so they have declined. It is said that even Gandhi described the traditional educational system as a beautiful tree which was destroyed during the British rule.

7. The educational structure in India is generally referred to as the Ten + Two + Three (10+2+3) pattern. The first ten years provide undifferentiated general education for all students . The +2 stage, also known as the higher secondary or senior secondary , provides for differentiation into academic and vocational streams and marks the end of school education . In +3 stage, which involves college education, the student goes for higher studies in his chosen field of subject . The World Bank estimates that 27 percent of all Indian children enrolled in schools are being privately educated .

8. Steps taken for primary education The Indian government lays great emphasis to primary education up to the age of fourteen years (referred to as Elementary Education in India.) The Indian government has also banned child labour in order to ensure that the children do not enter unsafe working conditions . Education has also been made free for children for six to 14 years of age . The District Primary Education Program (DPEP) was launched in 1994 with an aim to universalize primary education in India by reforming and vitalizing the existing primary education system

9. Scheme to promote education Mid day Meal Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

10. Mid day Meal The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal programme in India. It involves provision of lunch free of cost to school-children on all working days with an objective to :- increase school enrolment and attendance, improve socialisation among children belonging to all castes and addressing malnutrition.

11. EDUCATION FOR ALL Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India's flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory Education as a Fundamental Right.

12. The programme seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grants. Existing schools with inadequate teacher strength are provided with additional teachers, while the capacity of existing teachers is being strengthened by extensive training, grants for developing teaching-learning materials and strengthening of the academic support structure at a cluster, block and district level. SSA seeks to provide quality elementary education including life skills. SSA has a special focus on girl's education and children with special needs. SSA also seeks to provide computer education to bridge the digital divide

13. Right to education The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE), is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009 , which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21a of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the Act came into force on 1 April 2010 .

14. Dropout rates Lack of practical education Shortages of teachers Quality of education Lacks of good infrastructure Challenges in primary education

15. Area of im p rovement Teacher education : The lack of learning in India’s schools call for changes to teacher education . A collaboration between American universities’ schools of education with Indian teacher training institutes could help build capacity and upgrade teacher education both in terms of curriculum and pedagogy, which is much needed in Indian teacher education institutions like the District Institutes of Education and Training.  Building good assessment systems : Good assessments are useful at the classroom level for teachers to gauge their students’ understanding and also to inform policy. The need for regular and useful assessments in India is something that Indian departments of education are focusing on at the central and state level. 

16. Leveraging technology : India are looking for solutions to provide high-quality learning opportunities to marginalized students . Technology has a lot of potential to improve education but how it can be implemented most effectively and in the case of India, most cost-effectively, still remains a question.  Gender studies education : The state of women in India has recently drawn a lot of attention and promoting gender equality through education has an important role to play. Boys and girls should be taught to think about gender equality from an early age and the curriculum should include gender studies with appropriate teacher training.  Skills Development : As making education more practically relevant to the labor market is a priority for Prime Minister Modi , there is much India can learn from experiences in the United States. A shared agenda of helping identify and implement improved ways to develop skills and competencies even at the school level could be an important area for collaboration .

17. Conclusion Currently spending on education is low in India, and stands at 3.4 percent of the GDP. The U.S. might be able to help make it more of a priority, and nudge the government to increase spending on education. There are opportunities for India to learn from the successes and failures in the American education system and to collaborate in tackling shared challenges, such as the best use of technology in primary education.