Effect of Gut Microbiome on SCHIZOPHRENIA.pdf

This pdf is about the Effect of Gut Microbiome on SCHIZOPHRENIA.

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1. selfexplanatory.2022
HelloHI
नमस्ते
ْم
ُ
كْيالاع ُمالََّسلا
َِّللَّٱ ُةامْحاراو
ُهُتاكاراباو
Saba Parvin Haque
M.Sc. Life Sciences
(Specialization in Neurobiology)
from “Sophia College”
(Autonomous), Mumbai.

2. EFFECT OF GUT MICROBIOME ON

4. Source: https://youtu.be/H1blxu9S94s
What is Schizophrenia?

5. Who is affected?
1.Schizophrenia affects about 1% of
the population.
2.Several studies indicate that the
incidence of schizophrenia is
higher in men.
3.In women usually occurs between
25-35 years of age and in men
usually occurs between 15-25
years of age.
4.3.5 million Americans have
schizophrenia.

6. Types of Schizophrenia

7. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/1vfca6JX6XWFd9A47
What causes Schizophrenia?

8. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7

9. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7

10. Symptoms: 1. Positive Symptoms
1.Delusion
2.Hallucination
3.Thought Disorder
4.Movement disorder
All Schizophrenia
affected persons are
Dangerous to
themselves or others.
Violent Behavior

11. Symptoms: 2. Negative Symptoms

12. Symptoms: 3. Cognitive Symptoms

13. Symptoms: 4. Affective Symptoms
Source: (Morrissette & Stahl, 2011)

14. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/oVXR8CzoG9FxyVfP6

15. Figure: Symptoms, factors involved, and current therapeutics in schizophrenia. A combination of genetics,
epigenetics, environmental factors, including gut microbiota, resulting in the prognosis of the illness.
Schizophrenia involves variable symptoms having limited therapeutic options. On the left side of the figure, solid
arrows indicate the potential etiology (genetics, epigenetics and gut microbiota dysbiosis) of schizophrenia and
the dotted arrows are representing bi-directional relation of gut microbiota in health and disease.
Ref: (Munawar et al., 2021)

16. Gut Microbiota and Its Significance
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/59HAG1YFgiksxEU98Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/qK3HcHC4PFBak6hU8

17. Gut Microbial Diversity, Dysbiosis, and CNS
Ref: (Munawar et al., 2021)
Figure: Gut microbial dysbiosis-related disorder

18. Figure: Communication between the gut microbiota and brain in schizophrenia. (A): (1) Junk food, frequent use of drugs, lack of exercise result in gut
microbial dysbiosis. (2) Gut microbial dysbiosis means alteration in gut microbial species. (3) Decrease in healthy gut microbiota and increase in
pathogenic species. (4) Direct influence of altered gut microbes causes the hypoactivity of NMDA and BDNF receptors. (5) Hypoactivity of NMDA and
BDNF receptors results in damaged synapsis, neurological impairments, and increased intestinal membrane permeability as indicated by solid
arrows. Consequently, abolishment of spinogenesis, gastritis, enteritis, colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome occurs (indicated by dotted arrows). (6)
Altered microbial products such as indole propionic acid (IPA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). (7) Anomalous
expression of microbial products leads to dysfunction of the intestinal barrier as well as induces autoimmunity and neuroinflammation. (B): Normal
gut microbiota is crucial to maintain the gut–brain axis.
Ref: (Munawar et al., 2021)

19. Potential Therapeutics
Ref: (Munawar et al., 2021)
Psychotherapy involves:
(i)individual psychotherapy,
(ii)cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or
(iii) cognitive enhancement therapy
(CET)
Antipsychotic Medications:
•Olanzapine (zyprexa)
•Risperidone (risperdal)
•Quetiapine (seroquel)
•Ziprasidone (geodon)
https://images.app.goo.gl/MFTZjnjTBD2wsT3r9

20. Figure: Types, mechanism of action, and side effects of first-generation and second-
generation antipsychotics.
Ref: (Munawar et al., 2021)

21. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7

23. References
•Akhondzadeh S. (2019). Microbiome and Schizophrenia.Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology,11(4), 269.
•Aneja, J., Singhai, K., & Paul, K. (2018). Very early-onset psychosis/schizophrenia: Case studies of spectrum of presentation and management issues.Journal of family
medicine and primary care,7(6), 1566–1570. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_264_18
•Graham, L., Marshall, M., & Oritz, R. (2016). Neurobandits : a runaway dopamine molecule that can ’ t be stopped.
•Home. (2024, April 18). https://www.who.int/
•Health News - Medical News Today. (n.d.). https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
•Home. (2024a, April 18). The Pharmaceutical Journal. https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/
•Kelly, J. R., Minuto, C., Cryan, J. F., Clarke, G., & Dinan, T. G. (2021). The role of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research,
234, 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.02.010
•Munawar, N., Ahsan, K., Muhammad, K., Ahmad, A., Anwar, M. A., Shah, I., al Ameri, A. K., & al Mughairbi, F. (2021). Hidden Role of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in
Schizophrenia: Antipsychotics or Psychobiotics as Therapeutics? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(14), 7671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147671
•Morrissette, D. A., & Stahl, S. M. (2011). Affective symptoms in schizophrenia. Drug Discovery Today. Therapeutic Strategies, 8(1–2), 3–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddstr.2011.10.005
•NIMH » Home. (2024, April 18). Y. https://www.nimh.nih.gov
•The role of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia. (2021, August 1). ScienceDirect. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0920996420300864

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