Effect of Harmonics Contributed by EV Charger on Performance of Induction Motor included in Air Condition Load

Effect of Harmonics Contributed by EV Charger on Performance of Induction Motor included in Air Condition Load

1. Dr. Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh Assistant Professor National institute of Technology Srinagar Srinagar, India. 8/12/2023 1 Effect of Harmonics Contributed by EV Charger on Performance of Induction Motor included in Air Condition Load 3 rd  International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation

2. Introduction Outline Motivation Control Scheme of Charger 3 and 1-phase charger with 3-phase Induction motor 3 and 1-phase charger with 1-phase Induction motor Conclusion 8/12/2023 2

3. 8/12/2023 Introduction 8/12/2023 3 EVs are inherently nonlinear loads . Give rise to various power quality issues in the existing system of power distribution like Voltage deviation, frequency deviation, phase imbalance and harmonic distortion in the existing system [1-4] as shown in Fig. 1. EVs leads to harmonic distortion in the grid current and grid voltage. EV charger is designed to limit the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) into the grid current and voltage below a limit of 5% of the fundamental component of the grid current as specified by the IEEE-514-2014 standard [5]. Large penetration of nonlinear EV load, may lead to increment in the THD to exceed a predefined limit.

4. 4 8/12/2023 Motivation The harmonics in grid current may lead to various undesirable effects Lead to premature failure of the distribution transformer, M aloperation of protective like CB and relays, Losses in the power system and harmonic resonance [6,7]. In industrial loads like three-phase and single-phase induction motors used in air-conditioning loads, harmonics lead to Pulsation in developed torque, and increased losses in the windings of the machines. Increased losses causes to the heating of machines which may lead to the derating of machines [8] Above-mentioned effects of harmonics motivates to study effects of EV chargers on the performance of three-phase and single-phase induction motors used in air-conditioning loads.

5. 8/12/2023 5 8/12/2023 Control Scheme of Thee-phase EV Charger Three-phase ac-dc converter includes DC-link voltage controller and the grid current controller. DC-link voltage is regulated with help of the linear proportional plus integral (PI) controller. Grid current controller implemented in d-q reference frames and transformed grids currents, i Labc is converted to i Ld and i Lq which are dc quantities and can be controlled using PI controllers.

6. 8/12/2023 6 8/12/2023 Battery Charging Scheme Constant Current (CC) mode of charging DC-DC converter operates in buck mode during charging in CC mode. In CC mode, the battery is charged with a fixed current of I r if SoC of the battery is less than 80% of its nominal value. SoC and the terminal voltages of the battery keep on rising [9]. Constant Voltage (CC) mode of charging In CV mode, the battery is charged with a fixed battery voltage, V r when the SoC of the battery becomes more than 80% of its nominal value. In CV mode, the voltage across the dc-dc buck converter remains constant. Charging current supplied by the battery keeps on decreasing as the battery terminal voltage approaches its nominal value.

7. 8/12/2023 7 8/12/2023 Connection scheme of three-phase EV charger with three-phase IM Laboratory prototype of three-phase and single phase chargers of 2 kW and 1 kW developed Three-phase inductions is loaded with the help of a separately excited dc generator. Separately excited dc generator is mechanically coupled to the three-phase induction motors.

8. 8/12/2023 8 Experimental Setup of Three-phase and Single-phase Charger with Three-phase IM

9. 9 8/12/2023 Experimental Results for Three-phase IM Fig. (a) thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, vab (c) THD of line current, iLa , (d) Waveform of line voltage, vab and line current, ian when single phase charger is supplying power, Po=175W to the battery. Fig. (a) thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, vab (c) THD of line current, iLa , (d) Waveform of line voltage, vab and line current, ian when single phase charger is supplying power, Po=300W to the battery. Fig. (a) thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, vab (c) THD of line current, iLa , (d) Waveform of line voltage, vab and line current, ian when single phase charger is supplying power, Po=655W to the battery. Single-phase Charger Three-phase Charger Fig. (a) Thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, v ab (c) THD of line current, i La , (d) Waveform of line voltage, v ab and line current, i an when power supplied by the single-phase charger is Po=350W to battery. Fig. (a) Thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, v ab (c) THD of line current, i La , (d) Waveform of line voltage, v ab and line current, i an when power supplied by the single-phase charger is Po=600 W to battery. Fig. (a) Thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, v ab (c) THD of line current, i La , (d) Waveform of line voltage, v ab and line current, i an when power supplied by the single-phase charger is Po=1300W to battery.

10. 8/12/2023 10 Connection scheme of 3 and 1-phase EV charger with Single-phase IM Laboratory prototype of three-phase and single phase chargers of 2kW and 1 kW developed Single-phase inductions is loaded with the help of a separately excited dc generator. Separately excited dc generator is mechanically coupled to the single-phase induction motors. Fig. (a) Connection scheme of three-phase EV charger with single-phase IM Fig. (b) Experimental setup of the three-phase and single-phase charger along with single-phase IM.

11. 8/12/2023 11 Fig. (a) thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, vab (c) THD of line current, iLa , (d) Waveform of line voltage, vab and line current, ian when single phase charger is supplying power, Po=175W to the battery. Fig. (a) thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, vab (c) THD of line current, iLa , (d) Waveform of line voltage, vab and line current, ian when single phase charger is supplying power, Po=300W to the battery. Fig. (a) thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, vab (c) THD of line current, iLa , (d) Waveform of line voltage, vab and line current, ian when single phase charger is supplying power, Po=655W to the battery. Fig. (a) Thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, v ab (c) THD of line current, i La , (d) Waveform of line voltage, v ab and line current, i an when power supplied by the single-phase charger is Po=350W to battery. Fig. (a) Thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, v ab (c) THD of line current, i La , (d) Waveform of line voltage, v ab and line current, i an when power supplied by the single-phase charger is Po=600 W to battery. Fig. (a) Thermal profile of three-phase IM (b) THD of grid voltage, v ab (c) THD of line current, i La , (d) Waveform of line voltage, v ab and line current, i an when power supplied by the single-phase charger is Po=1300W to battery. Single-phase Charger Three-phase Charger Experimental Results for Single-phase IM

12. 8/12/2023 12 8/12/2023 Conclusion Single-phase slow chargers and three-phase fast chargers are operated in parallel with single and three-phase induction motors. EV chargers are operated in CC mode to maximize the impact of the EV chargers. From the experimental results, it is observed that with an increase in power demand of EV chargers, the THD of source current increases significantly as compared to the THD of voltage at the point of common coupling. Due to the increment in THD, the body temperature of the induction motor also increases which Reduces the efficiency of induction motors used in air-conditioning loads.

13. 8/12/2023 13 8/12/2023 References K. Liu, J. Zhang, F. Su , and M. Hou, “Research on the Impact of Electric Vehicles on Power Grid Operation Risks and Frequency Emergency Control,” in 2020 Asia Energy and Electrical Engineering Symposium (AEEES), May 2020, pp. 236–241. doi : 10.1109/AEEES48850.2020.9121391. A. H. Magham , R. Behkam , H. R. Baghaee , and G. B. Gharehpetian , “Energy Management of Electric Vehicle Chargers at Work to Increase Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Improve Voltage Profile in Smart Grids,” in 2022 12 th Smart Grid Conference (SGC), Dec. 2022, pp. 1–5. doi : 10.1109/SGC58052.2022.9998966. J. C. Gomez and M. M. Morcos , “Impact of EV battery chargers on the power quality of distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 975–981, Jul. 2003, doi : 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.813873. T. Song, P. Wang, Y. Zhang, F. Gao, Y. Tang, and S. Pholboon , “Suppression Method of Current Harmonic for Three-Phase PWM Rectifier in EV Charging System,” IEEE Trans. Veh . Technol., vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 9634–9642, Sep. 2020,doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3005173. 11. “IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems,” IEEE Std 519-2014 (Revision IEEE Std 519-1992), pp. 1–29, 2014, doi : 10.1109/IEEESTD.2014.6826459. L. Wang, Z. Qin, T. Slangen , P. Bauer and T. van Wijk , "Grid Impact of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations: Trends, Standards, Issues and Mitigation Measures - An Overview," in IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 2, pp. 56-74, 2021, doi : 10.1109/OJPEL.2021.3054601. A. Ulinuha , M. A. S. Masoum , and S. M. Islam, ‘‘Optimal scheduling of LTC and shunt capacitors in large distorted distribution systems using evolutionary based algorithms,’’ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 434–441, Jan. 2008. M. Zhang, Y. Yuan, X. Sun, Y. Zhang, and X. Li, “Harmonic Resonance Suppression Strategy of the Front-End Vienna Rectifier in EV Charging Piles,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron. , vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1036–1053, Jan. 2023, doi : 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3204537. V. -B. Vu, D. -H. Tran and W. Choi, "Implementation of the Constant Current and Constant Voltage Charge of Inductive Power Transfer Systems With the Double-Sided LCC Compensation Topology for Electric Vehicle Battery Charge Applications," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 7398-7410, Sept. 2018, doi : 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2766605.

14. 14 8/12/2023