Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria.pptx

effect of zno on pathogenic bacteria research paper

1. Effect of ZnO on P athogenic B acteria Prepared by

2. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic B acteria Intruduction ZnO nanoparticles have been shown to have a wide range of antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria , including major foodborne pathogens like Escherichia coli ,Salmonella , Listeria monocytogenes , and Staphylococcus aureus The antibacterial activity of the ZnO nanoparticles was inversely proportional to the size of the nanoparticles in S. aureus. Surprisingly, the antibacterial activity did not require specific UV activation using artificial lamps, rather activation was achieved under ambient lighting conditions. Overall, the experimental results suggest that ZnO nanoparticles could be developed as antibacterial agents against a wide range of microorganisms to control and prevent the spreading and persistence of bacterial infections.

3. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria What is the action of zinc oxide ? The proposed mechanism of action of ZnO involves the  production of reactive oxygen species, which elevates membrane lipid peroxidation that causes membrane leakage of reducing sugars, DNA, proteins, and reduces cell viability The antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles is tested against Staphylococcus aureus, (a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium) from a particle-size, concentration, and surface-defects point of view. Activation of antibacterial activity was achieved by standard well diffusion agar and minimum inhibitory concentration procedures. Our results show that smaller-sized particles are more effective inhibitors of bacterial activity when used in a certain optimum concentration.

4. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Semiconductor : ZnO is an  n-type  semiconductor with a large exciton binding energy (60 meV ) and a large bandgap energy (3.37 eV at room temperature ) T he semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60meV) which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. Even though research focusing on ZnO goes back many decades, the renewed interest is fueled by availability of high-quality substrates and reports of 𝑝-type conduction and ferromagnetic behavior when doped with transitions metals, both of which remain controversial.

5. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Applications of zinc oxide on pathogenic bacteria: Zinc oxide ( ZnO ) nano / microparticles (NPs/MPs) have been studied as antibiotics to  enhance antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and viruses with or without antibiotic resistance . They have unique physicochemical characteristics that can affect biological and toxicological responses in microorganisms . ZnO -NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to  increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity . ZnO is a bio-safe material that possesses photo-oxidizing and photocatalysis impacts on chemical and biological species .

6. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Synthesis of ZnO : synthesis of ZnO nano - and microparticles and to study the efect of shapes and sizes on cytotoxicity towards normal and cancer cells and antibacterial activity toward two kinds of bacteria. We fabricated ZnO nano - and microparticles through facile chemical and physical routes. The crystal structure, morphology, textural properties, and photoluminescent properties were characterized by powder X-ray difraction , electron microscopies, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The obtained ZnO structures were highly crystalline and monodispersed with intensive green emission. ZnO NPs and NRs showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to microparticles due to their high specifc surface area

7. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by precipitation method: Materials . Zinc nitrate, KOH, Absolute ethano , Distilled Water ( 0.2M)KOH add to zinc nitrate distilled water white precipitate was formed Centrifuged at 5000 rmp for 20 mint Washing with disttled water and alcohal Calcination at 500 C in atmosphere for 3 hr ZnO nanoparticles

8. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by precipitation method: ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by direct precipitation method  using zinc nitrate and KOH as precursors . In this work, the aqueous solution (0.2 M) of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and the solution (0.4 M) of KOH were prepared with deionized water, respectively Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by co-precipitation method: Abstract. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles ( ZnO NPs) were synthesized as a powder using the oxalate co-precipitation method  after calcination at 700 °C . Zine sulfate was used as a zinc soluble source, and oxalic acid was used as a Catalyst. The reaction was carried out at room temperature condition.

9. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Used of ZnO : Zinc oxide nanomaterials are one of the most extensively used materials in healthcare and environmental remediation application attributable to their biodegradability and tunable physical and chemical properties. Firstly we review green methods of the synthesis of ZnO NMs as an alternative to conventional synthesis route as the latter pose environmental risks such as the requirement of hazardous and expensive precursors as well as production of unwanted end products. Emerging application space for ZnO NMs is bio imaging , bio sensing and traceable drug delivery which take advantage unique and optical properties and florescent behavior. The inhibitory action of these NMs against microbes , cancer and inflammation is also covered.

10. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Photocatalytic degradation of ZnO Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the major pollutants present in the petrochemical industrial effluents. These VOCs have high vapor pressure, which makes it to be dispersed into the atmosphere easily. Chlorobenzene is one such Volatile organic compounds , which has an ability to cause adverse impacts on human health by damaging the central nervous systems. The available treatment methods are unable to effectively treat such VOCs in environment . Photocatalytic degradation is the effective and economical methods, which are being used for the treatment of such pollutants . ZnO is one of the widely accepted photo catalyst, but it has a limitation of wide band-gap energy utilization. This paper mainly investigates the preparation of metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles using solgel technique and its application for the degradation of chlorobenzene in an aqueous media under different light sources. Among the modified ZnO nanoparticles prepared (Ag/ ZnO , Cd/ ZnO and Pb / ZnO ), Pb / ZnO was found to be very effective in the degradation of chlorobenzene.

11. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Effect of gram positive and gram negative bacteria: Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli ) bacteria in microbial culture medium were added to reverse spin bioreactors that contained different concentrations of each ZnO type to enable dynamic mixing of the bacteria- ZnO suspensions . A correlation between increasing ZnO particle concentration and reduction in viable bacteria was not monotonous. The lowest concentration tested (10 µg/mL) even stimulated bacteria growth commercial ZnO particles at higher concentrations (up to 1000 µg/mL tested), more against  E. coli  than  S. aureus . The inhibition effects are thus mainly controlled by the interaction dynamics between bacteria and ZnO , where mixing greatly enhances antibacterial efficacy of all ZnO particles . However, at too low concentrations, ZnO can stimulate bacteria growth and must be thus used with caution.

12. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Antibiotic resistance of bacteria : The development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria is one of the most pressing problems in world health care. One of the promising ways to overcome microbial resistance to antibiotics is the use of metal nanoparticles and their oxides. In particular, numerous studies have shown the high antibacterial potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles ( ZnO -NP) in relation to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A ntibacterial activity of nanoparticles based on zinc oxide.

13. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Antibacterial activity of MgO , ZnO and SiO2: Antibacterial activity for MgO – ZnO solid solution was studied by measuring the change in electrical conductivity with bacterial growth. MgO – ZnO solid solution powders were prepared by heating at 1400°C for 3 h in air. we measured the antimicrobial activity of two types of nano -particles ZnO & SiO2 against different types of (G+ & G- ) bacteria. We collected 90 samples from four sites of infections (burn, wound, urine & sputum) to isolate the following bacteria from hospitalized patients: P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae & E. coli as gram-negative bacteria (about 15 swabs for each one) and the other were S. aureus, S. epidermidis & S. pneumoniae as gram-positive bacteria

14. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Disease effect the human health: Waterborne diseases significantly affect the human health and are responsible for high mortality rates worldwide . Traditional methods of the treatment are now insignificant as maximum bacterial strains have developed multiple antibiotic resistance toward commonly used antibiotic drugs. Recently, ZnO nanostructures, due to their biocompatible nature, have attracted the attention of the scientific community to explore and to understand their cytotoxicity, interactions with biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, fats, cell membranes, tissues, biological fluids, etc

15. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Effect of ZnO on Biomolecules: functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles with biomolecules has been observed to contribute to their biocompatibility by  decreasing their cytotoxicity against human cells  because of which it has been a widely preferred approach . Zinc oxide ( ZnO ) is extensively used in physical chemistry, biomedical sciences, catalysts, transducers, microelectronics, textile, cosmetics, and other applications, because of its small particle size and high specific surface area. However, the size, shape, aspect ratio, specific surface area, and surface chemistry should be maintained at the desired levels for the chemical and biomedical applications of ZnO nanoparticles

16. Effect of ZnO on Pathogenic Bacteria Effect of ZnO on Biomolecules: we prepared ZnO NPs, coated with the lipid bilayer and characterized their properties. Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins are the main building blocks of cell membranes. Phospholipids maintain the dynamic and structural functions of cell membranes They have three major components: a phosphate head group (hydrophilic or polar), the glycerol backbone and two fatty acid tails (long carbon chains, hydrophobic). In water, the hydrophilic heads remain close to the water, while the tails orient themselves away from that. Then, these phosphate groups cluster together and form phospholipid bilayers (lipid bilayer ) Cholesterol is very important for the cell membrane. Cholesterol has a pretty stable structure; it can randomly insert itself between the phospholipids, and help maintain the fluidity of the cell membranes. Therefore, the interactions between phospholipids and potential cell-membrane damaging agents should be studied for understanding the biological effects