Effective Group Leadership- chapter 3 by daniel

Group Leadership

1. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Chapter 3
Effective Group Leadership
Prepared by: Nathaniel N. Ivers, Wake Forest University

2. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-2
Roadmap

Definition of Leadership

Leadership Styles

Personal Qualities of Effective Leaders

Knowledge and Skills

Roles and Functions

Co-Leaders

Group Supervision

3. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-3
Leadership Defined

Disagreement exists about what a leader is.

However, some common responsibilities of
effective leadership, particularly with groups,
can be distinguished:

Envisioning goals

Motivating people

Achieving a workable unity in an appropriate
and timely manner

4. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-4
Group Leadership Styles

Authoritarian Group Leaders

Democratic Group Leaders

Laissez-faire Group Leaders

5. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-5
Authoritarian Group Leaders

Envision themselves as experts

Tend to be rigid and conventional in their
beliefs (Cheng et al., 1998)

Interpret, give advice, and generally direct
the movement of the group

Demand obedience and conformity from
group members

Theory X leaders

6. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-6
Democratic Group Leaders

Are more group-centered and less directive
than authoritarian leaders

Trust group participants to develop their own
potential and that of other group members

Serve as facilitators of the group process

Cooperate, collaborate, and share
responsibilities with the group

Are more humanistically and
phenomenologically oriented

Are Theory Y Leaders (McGregor, 1960)

7. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-7
Laissez-faire Leaders

Are leaders in name only

Do not provide structure or direction of their
groups, creating a group-centered
perspective of operation

Are considered Theory Z leaders (Ouchi, 1981)

8. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-8
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders

Poise

Judgment

Empathy

Ego strength

Freedom from excessive anxiety

A desire to help people
(Slavson, 1962)

9. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-9
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders

Tolerance of frustration

Imagination

Intuition

Perceptiveness

Ability to avoid self-preoccupation
(Slavson, 1962)

10. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-10
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders

Courage

Willingness to model

Presence

Goodwill and caring

Belief in group process

Openness
(Corey et al., 2014)

11. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-11
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders

Nondefensiveness in coping with attacks

Personal power

Stamina

Willingness to seek new experiences

Self-awareness

Humor

Inventiveness
(Corey et al., 2014)

12. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-12
Group Leader Knowledge

Course work and experiential requirements

Knowledge of specializations, theories, and
research as well as skills

Assessment of group members and social
systems

Planning and implementing group interventions

Leadership and co-leadership

Evaluation

Ethical practice, best practice, and diversity-
competent practice (ASGW, 2000)

13. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-13
Specific Group Skills

Facilitating

Protecting

Blocking

Linking

Diagnosing

Reality testing

Modification

Delegating

Creativity

Emotion regulation

14. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-14
Group Leadership Roles and
Functions

Six essential roles and functions that a group
leader must carry out:

Group member selection

pre-group preparation

Positive leader-member relationship

Group structure

Group cohesion

Leader communication and feedback (Riva et al.,
2004)

15. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-15
Group Leader Roles and Functions

Traffic Director

Modeler of Appropriate Behavior

Interactional Catalyst

Communication Facilitator

Conflict Mediator

16. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-16
Group Leader Roles and Functions

Five specific techniques for managing conflict
in groups:

Withdrawal from the conflict

Suppressing conflict

Integrating conflicting ideas to form new
solutions

Working out a compromise

Using power to resolve the conflict
(Kormanski, 1982; Simpson, 1977)

17. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-17
Co-Leaders in Groups

A professional or a professional-in training
who undertakes the responsibility of sharing
the leadership of a group with another leader
in a mutually determined manner in order to
facilitate counseling, therapy, or group
member interaction.

Occurs often, especially in groups with a
membership of 12 or more.

18. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-18
Co-leaders in Groups - Advantages

Ease of handling the group in difficult
situations

Uses of modeling

Feedback

Shared specialized knowledge

Pragmatic considerations

19. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-19
Co-Leaders in Groups - Limitations

Lack of coordinated efforts

Two leader focused

Competition

Collusion

20. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-20
Group Leadership Training

Group-Based Training

Group Generalist Model

Educational and Developmental Procedure

Systematic Group Leadership Training

Critical-Incident Model and Intervention Cube

Skilled Group Counseling Training Model

21. Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.3-21
Group Supervision

Increases supervisees’ independence and
self-confidence (Linton, 2003)

Helps supervisees broaden their
understanding from a focus on individual
issues to interpersonal and group-as-a-
system issues (Rubel & Okech, 2006)

Peer group supervision is another way of
providing group leaders with supervision.