EFFLUENTS & IT'S MANAGEMENT . pptx

EFFLUENTS = Latin verb “effluere” – flow out.
Industrial waste – Materials generally discarded from industrial operations or derived from manufacturing processes into a clean water body or environment and cause harmful effects.
According to US EPA – Wastewater – treated or untreated – that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer or industrial outfall, generally waste discharged into surface waters.
Effluents are large source of environmental pollution.
Pharmaceutical effluents pose serious threats to human health and ecosystem because of their continuous accumulation in the ecosystem leading to even development of antibiotic resistant microbial strains.
The European Union has laid down guidelines for suitable waste management that guarantees the protection of the environment and for which the development of so-called 4 R’s must be encouraged.
Used to treat the waste from industries before discharging them into rivers, lakes etc.
Stage-wise process to bring waste in permissible limit as prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to maintain sustainable environment.
Employ physical, chemical and biological processes to treat wastewater and make it safe for disposal or reuse.
Helps contribute to sustainability by reclaiming and reusing treated water within pharmaceutical facility, reducing the demand for freshwater and minimizing environmental impact.
To clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use.
To reduce the usage of fresh/potable water in industries.
To preserve natural environment against pollution.
To meet the standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various industries set by the government and avoid hefty penalties.
To safeguard environment against pollution and contribute in sustainable development.

1. EFFLUENTS AND ITS MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY NAHIDA P H II SEM M.PHARM (2024 BATCH) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY ST.JAMES’ COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

2. CONTENTS

3. EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS = Latin verb “effluere” – flow out. Industrial waste – Materials generally discarded from industrial operations or derived from manufacturing processes into a clean water body or environment and cause harmful effects. According to US EPA – Wastewater – treated or untreated – that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer or industrial outfall, generally waste discharged into surface waters. Effluents are large source of environmental pollution. Pharmaceutical effluents pose serious threats to human health and ecosystem because of their continuous accumulation in the ecosystem leading to even development of antibiotic resistant microbial strains.

4. CLASSIFICATION

5. PHARMACEUTICAL EFFLUENTS

6. EFFLUENT MANAGEMENT The European Union has laid down guidelines for suitable waste management that guarantees the protection of the environment and for which the development of so-called 4 R’s must be encouraged.

7. TREATMENT METHODS

8. EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT Used to treat the waste from industries before discharging them into rivers, lakes etc. Stage-wise process to bring waste in permissible limit as prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to maintain sustainable environment. Employ physical, chemical and biological processes to treat wastewater and make it safe for disposal or reuse. Helps contribute to sustainability by reclaiming and reusing treated water within pharmaceutical facility, reducing the demand for freshwater and minimizing environmental impact.

9. NEED OF ETP To clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use. To reduce the usage of fresh/potable water in industries. To preserve natural environment against pollution. To meet the standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various industries set by the government and avoid hefty penalties. To safeguard environment against pollution and contribute in sustainable development.

10. PRIMARY TREATMENT (Physical & Chemical) Used to remove suspended solids, odor, color & to neutralize the high or low pH. SCREENING

11. NEUTRALIZATION SEDIMENTATION

12. SECONDARY TREATMENT (Biological) Reduce the amount of organic matter and other substances still present. AEROBIC PROCESSES – Take place in the presence of air(oxygen). It utilizes those micro-organisms(aerobes), which use molecular/free oxygen to assimilate organic impurities i.e., convert them into water, carbon dioxide and biomass.

13. ACTIVATED SLUDGE

14. TERTIARY TREATMENT For killing bacteria, chlorine or a mixture of chlorine and bromine can be used. For the removal of inorganic substances, the following methods have been recommended:- REVERSE OSMOSIS – Passing through semipermeable membrane. EVAPORATION – This method is generally employed when solid wastes are reused in the industry it is a method for recovery of radioactive substances. Here the effluent is boiled and after the evaporation of the water, the concentrated solution is left out in the vessel which is again used in the recycle process of the industry.

15. ACTIVATED CARBON EXCHANGE RESINS

16. REPRESENTATION OF ETP

17. DISPOSAL METHODS INCINERATION – It is the combustion of waste to reduce it to incombustible matter such as ash and waste gas. The exhaust gases from this process may be toxic, hence it is treated before being released into the environment. The heat generated can be used to produce electricity.

18. PYROLYSIS – It is a process of converting industrial and domestic waste into a recovered fuel. It is a thermo-chemical decomposition of organic materials by heat in the absence of stoichiometric quantities of oxygen. WASTE COMPACTION – Technique that includes shredding the waste into smaller pieces, pushing to mix properly and placing it in such a way to fill voids. Result in reducing amount and size of waste.

19. LANDFILL – The waste that cannot be reused or recycled are separated out. Waste is spread as thin layer in low lying areas, and a layer of soil is added after each layer of garbage. However, once this process is complete, area may be used as playground or park, not suitable for building construction DISPOSAL BY DILUTION – Simple method of discharging waste-water into a surface water such as river, lake, ocean, estuaries or wetlands

20. REFERENCES Muktiono E, Soediantono D. Literature Review of ISO 14001 environmental management system benefits and proposed applications in the defense industries. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research. 2022 Feb 12;3(2):1-2. J. Buljan, I. Kral. INTRODUCTION TO TREATMENT OF TANNERY EFFLUENTS. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 2011. 12-38. Ahmed J, Thakur A, Goyal A. Industrial Wastewater and Its Toxic Effects. In: Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater. The Royal Society of Chemistry; 2021. 1–14. Bergheim A, Cripps SJ. Effluent management: overview of the European experience. Rogaland Research, Publication. 1998 Jul(1998/083):233-38.

21. THANK YOU