Electric Potential Energy for STEM -12.pptx

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1. Electric Potential Energy: Definition, Electric Potential of a Point and Multiple Charges

2. Electric potential energy  is possessed by an object by virtue of two elements, those being the charge possessed by an object itself and the relative position of an object with respect to other electrically charged objects. The  magnitude of electric potential  depends on the amount of work done in moving the object from one point to another against the electric field. When an object is moved against the electric field, it gains some amount of energy which is defined as the  electric potential energy . For any charge, the electric potential is obtained by dividing the potential energy by the quantity of charge.

3. What Is Electric Potential Energy? The electric potential energy of any given charge or system of changes is defined as the total work done by an external agent in bringing the charge or the  system of charges  from infinity to the present configuration without undergoing any acceleration. Definition:  Electric potential energy is defined as the total potential energy a unit charge will possess if located at any point in outer space. Electric potential energy is a scalar quantity and possesses only magnitude and no direction. It is measured in terms of Joules and is denoted by V. It has the  dimensional formula  of ML 2 T -3 A -1 .

4. Electric Potential Formula A charge placed in an electric field possesses potential energy and is measured by the work done in moving the charge from infinity to that point against the electric field. If two charges, q 1  and q 2,  are separated by a distance d, the  electric potential energy of the system  is: U = [1/(4π ε o )] × [q 1 q 2 /d] If two like charges (two protons or two electrons) are brought towards each other, the potential energy of the system increases. If two unlike charges, i.e.,  a proton and an electron , are brought towards each other, the electric potential energy of the system decreases.

5. Electric Potential Formula The electric potential at any point around a point charge q is given by: V = k × [q/r] Where, V = electric potential energy q = point charge r = distance between any point around the charge to the point charge k = Coulomb constant, k = 9.0 × 10 9  N

6. The electrostatic potential between any two arbitrary charges q 1 , q 2  separated by distance r is given by  Coulomb’s law  and mathematically written as: U = k × [q 1 q 2 /r 2 ] Where, U is the electrostatic potential energy q 1  and q 2  are the two charges Note:  The electric potential at infinity is zero (as r = ∞ in the above formula).

7. Electric Potential of a Point Charge Let us consider a point charge ‘q’ in the presence of another charge ‘Q’ with infinite separation between them. U E  (r) = k e   × [ qQ /r] where,  k e  = 1/4π ε o  = Columb’s constant Let us consider a point charge ‘q’ in the presence of several point charges Q i  with infinite separation between them. U E  (r) = k e   q × ∑ n i = 1   [Q i  / r i ]

8. At a point midway between two equal and opposite charges, the electric potential is zero, but the  electric field  is not zero. The  electric potential at a point is said to be one volt  if one joule of work is done in moving one Coloumb of the charge against the electric field. If a negative charge is moved from point A to B, the electric potential of the system increases. The reference level used to define electric potential at a point is infinity. It signifies that the force on a test charge is zero at the reference level. The surface of the earth is taken to be at zero potential since the earth is so huge that the addition or removal of charge from it will not alter its electrical state.

9. What Is Electric Potential Difference? In an electrical circuit, the potential between two points (E) is defined as the amount of work done (W) by an external agent in moving a unit charge (Q) from one point to another. Mathematically we can say that, E = W/Q Where, E = Electrical potential difference between two points W = Work done in moving a charge from one point to another Q = Quantity of charge in coulombs

10. FINAL PERFORMANCE TASK

11. Imagine you are an engineer working for a technology company that specializes in developing innovative solutions using electric potential concepts. Your task is to design a hypothetical application or device that utilizes electric potential in a creative and practical way. Your design should include the following components:

12. Application/Device Description (10 points): Provide a detailed description of the application or device. Explain its purpose and how it utilizes electric potential. Describe the problem it solves or the benefit it provides.

13. Design Concept (15 points): Create a diagram or sketch of your application/device. Label key components that relate to electric potential (e.g., charges, potential difference, electric field lines). Explain the design choices you made and how they contribute to the functionality of the application/device.

14. Design Concept (15 points): Create a diagram or sketch of your application/device. Label key components that relate to electric potential (e.g., charges, potential difference, electric field lines). Explain the design choices you made and how they contribute to the functionality of the application/device.

15. Calculations and Analysis (15 points): Include calculations related to electric potential and potential energy in your design. Show how these calculations are relevant to the performance or operation of your application/device. Discuss any assumptions you made in your calculations.

16. Real-World Applications (5 points): Research and provide at least one real-world example where similar principles of electric potential are used. Explain how your design is inspired by or differs from existing applications.

17. Submission Requirements: The submission should be in the form of a PowerPoint presentation or a written report. Include clear diagrams, calculations, and explanations. Submit the completed presentation/report via email by the deadline. The deadline for submission is until May 5, 2024