ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANELS -S.Y.B.Architecure

This ppt represents building electric services notes containing electric control panel system required for the supply of Electricity in large scale projects or in industrial areas. This ppt prepared for second year B. Architecture coure for the subject Building services

1. D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING S.Y.B.ARCH BUILDING SERVICES-II DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

2. CONTROL PANELS L.T. PANEL: It is an electrical distribution board, that receives power from generator, transformer and distributes the same to electronic devices and distribution boards. They are used in industries and can withstand rugged climatic conditions. L.T Panels are designed to work with low electricity consumption, that makes them cost effective.

3. CONTROL PANELS H.T Panel: It is used for high tension cables. They are used in commercial buildings and industries, where there is fluctuation in voltage and power supply. The electrical load required by a unit depends on the type of machineries, cooling plants and other devices installed. There is a possibility of damage of these equipment if power fluctuates. In case of fixed load, these can be safeguarded using capacitors, but in case of varied load, a mechanism to switch in and switch out the capacitors is required, which is handled using APEC panels.

4. METERING SYSTEM Consumer meter: means a meter used for accounting and billing of electricity, supplied to the consumer, but excluding those consumers covered under interface meters. Consumer meter, interface meter and audit meter shall be of static type. Check meter: Means a meter shall be connected to the same core of the current transformer (CT) and voltage transformer(VT) , to which main meter is connected. Energy accounting and Audit meters: used for accounting of electricity to various segments of electrical system, so as to carry out further analysis to determine the consumption and loss of energy. Instrument transformer: Means the current transformer (CT) , voltage transformer (VT) and capacity voltage transformer (CVT) . Interface meter: Means a meter used for accounting and billing of electricity, connected at the point of interconnection, between electrical systems of generating company, licensee and consumers connected to the inter –state transmission system.

5. METERING SYSTEM Main meter: means a meter , which would be used for accounting and billing of electricity . It is a device suitable for measuring, indicating and recording consumption of electricity and shall include CT, VT, CVT. Meters are calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour (kwh) .

6. BUSBAR In electrical power distribution, a bus bar is a metallic strip or bar, typically copper, brass or Aluminum that conducts electricity, within a switchboard. Definition: An electrical conductor that carries a large current, especially one that is part of power distribution system.

7. METER BOARD Meter board is used for accounting and billing of electricity. The unit reads electricity used in kilo watt per hour (kwh) . Used by electrical company to charge customers for electrical usage.

8. DISTRIBUTION BOARD It is known as panel board or breaker panel and is a component of an electrical supply system, which divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker, for each circuit in a common enclosure. Normally a main switch and in recent boards, one or more residual current devices (RCD) or residual current breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBO) are also incorporated.

9. EARTHING In electrical supply system , earthing or grounding is where parts of electric circuit are connected to the ground. The choice of earthing system may affect the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply. It affects the magnitude and distribution of short circuit currents through the system and it’s effects on people. If a fault within an electrical device connects a live supply conductor, to an exposed conductive surface, anyone touching it while electrically connected to the earth will complete a circuit back to the earthed supply conductor and receive a shock. Earthing is used for these applications: To protect a structure from lightning strike , directing the lightning through the earthing system and into the ground rod rather than passing through the structure. Part of the safety system of mains electricity, preventing problems associated with floating ground.

10. EARTHING The most common ground plane, for large monopole antenna and some other kinds of radio antenna. Methods of Earthing: There are several methods. Wire or strip earthing, Rod earthing, Plate earthing or earthing through water mains. Plate earthing: In this, an earthing plate of copper, 60 cm x 60 cm x 3 mm is buried into the ground with it’s face vertical at a depth of not less than 3m from ground level. The plate is inserted into auxiliary layers of coke and salt for a thickness of 15 cm. The earth wire is tightly bolted to an earth plate with the help of nut and bolt. The copper plate and copper wire are usually not employed for grounding purposes due to high cost.

11. EARTHING