Electrical Presentation Septem 2024.pptx

sld

1. An ISO 9001:2015 Company Equinox EPC Engineering (India) Pvt. Ltd . PRESENTAION ON SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM INTRODUCTION

2. Electrical Engineering TOPICS COVERED IN THIS PRESENTATION DEFINITION USES OF SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM DATA REQUIREMENT TO PREPARE SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM .  ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE EXAMPLES

3. Single Line Diagrams Representation of all Electrical Equipment from Generation to end user in terms of line diagram. All the consumers in Load List are shown in various SLDs Types of SLD Overall SLD HV SLD LV SLD UPS SLD Power Distribution Board SLD Lighting Distribution Board SLD Electrical Engineering

4. COMPONENTS OF A SLD CIRCUIT BREAKER BUS BARS CT & PT PROTECTIVE RELAYS METERS STARTERS INDICATION LAMPS & PUSH BUTTON Electrical Engineering

5. DATA REQUIREMENT TO PREPARE A SLD LOAD LIST INCOMING SUPPLY VOLTAGE OUTGOING SUPPLY VOLTAGE FAULT LEVEL OF THE SYSTEM DESIGN BASIS ( PROJECT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ETC) Electrical Engineering

6. Electrical Load List List of all Mechanical, Process, Instrumentation, HVAC, EHT, UPS Loads. Used to Calculate the Total load of the Plant. Emergency Loads fed from Emergency Diesel Generators. Duty Types – Continuous, Intermittent and Stand-by Loads Used for equipment sizing of Transformers, GTG, DG, etc. Electrical Engineering

7. Equipment Sizing Calculations Calculation Name Software Used Purpose Load Flow Calculations ETAP To Check Connectivity To check % Voltage drop across Busses Short Circuit Calculations ETAP To determine Bus Bar/SWGR Rating Motor Starting Studies ETAP To ensure Voltage drop across busses on starting the largest rated motor Sizing & Feeder distribution of Main LV Switchboard, MCC Transformer Sizing and DG Sizing Excel To determine the size of Transformer and DG set. Cable Sizing Excel To determine the Cable Size that suits below the % Voltage drop Relay Co-ordination Studies ETAP To determine the Protection settings of various Breakers Auxiliary Systems / Lighting Systems Electrical Engineering

8. SYMBOLS USED IN SLD Electrical Engineering

9. SYMBOLS USED IN SLD Electrical Engineering

10. SYMBOLS USED IN SLD Electrical Engineering

11. NOW WE ARE TAKING ONE EXAMPLE OF PREPARING A SLD OF AREA 1000 - CENTRAL PROCESSING FACILITY FOR LGP PROJECT CONSIDERING ALL THE FACTORS REQUIRED FOR  A SLD . POWER SUPPLY CONDITIONS (I) REFERENCE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE FOR DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT : 50 DEGREE CELSIUS (II)NOMINAL SYSTEM SUPPLY  (A) INCOMING : 11kV , 3 PHASE , 50Hz AC (B) PLANT POWER DISTRIBUTION : 415V,3 PHASE , 4 WIRE (C) LIGHTING AND SPACE HEATING : 240V,1 PHASE,2WIRE Electrical Engineering

12. Electrical Engineering TOTAL LOAD OF THE PROJECT ARE AS FOLLOWS

13. Electrical Engineering TOTAL LOAD OF THE PROJECT ARE AS FOLLOWS

14. Electrical Engineering NOW WE BASED ON THE ABOVE LOAD LIST AND CONSIDERING THE FOLLOWING FACTORS THE TRANSFORMER & DG SIZE IS SELECTED. THE FOLLOWING ASSUMPTIONS HAVE BEEN MADE TO ARRIVE AT THE ESTIMATED LOAD OF THE DIFFERENT SITES . DEMAND FACTOR (MAXIMUM DEMAND/ TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD) ( A)MAIN MOTOR : 0.9 (B)AUXILIARY LOAD , VALVE MOTORS , ETC : 0.9 (C) LIGHTING LOAD : 1.0 UTILIZATION FACTOR (THE TIME THAT AN EQUIPMENT IS IN USE /TOTAL TIME THAT IT COULD BE IN USE) (A) CONTINOUS LOADS (MAIN MOTOR, LIGHTING LOAD ETC) : UF = 1.0 (B) INTERMITTENT LOADS (AUXILIARY LOAD , VALVE MOTORS  ETC) : UF = 0.1 - 0.9 (C) STANDBY LOADS : UF = 0

15. Electrical Engineering TRANSFORMER SIZE SELECTED ( NORMAL BUS) : 2000 kVA( AS PER TOTAL DEMAND LOAD) TRANSFORMER SIZE SELECTED ( EMERGENCY BUS) : 2500 kVA DG SIZE SELECTED : 1250 kVA VOLTAGE DROP DURING MOTOR STARTING= TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE X (MOTOR STARTING kVA/ MAIN TRANSFORMER kVA)  NOW WE SELECT ELECTRICAL COMPONENT TO PREPARE A SLD < 15% Eg : 500 kVA TRANSFORMER, 6% IMPEDANCE , 100 HP MOTOR 6% X (600 kVA/500 kVA)= 7.2 % AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND ALTITUDE DERATING FACTORS MUST BE CONSIDERED IF THEY EXCEED EQUIPMENT RATED AMBIENT TEMP AND ALTITUDE CONDITIONS SELECTION OF CT , PT , BREAKER , CABLES , BUSBAR FOR HT SYSTEM INCOMING SUPPLY : 11KV TRANSFORMER RATING : 2000KVA CT SELECTION IHV =( TRANSFORMER RATING ) / SQRT (3) * 11 = ( 2000KVA) / ( 1.732 * 11 ) = 105 AMPERE  CONSIDERING 20 % EXTRA =125 AMPERE CT SELECTED = 150A ( AS PER MANUFACTURER)

16. Electrical Engineering HT BREAKER SELECTED = 630A VCB, 11KV HT CABLE SELECTION INCOMING CABLE SELECTION ( INCOMER TO BUSBAR ) TRANSFORMER RATING = 2000KVA RATED VOLTAGE = 11KV Ir = KVA/(√3 * VOLTAGE) = 2000 /(√3 * 11) = 105A UNDERGROUND CABLE = TEMPERATURE DERATING FACTOR BASED ON SOIL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OF 30°C AND CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE OF 90°C and 110°C.) = 0.97 ( Tables 27(1) and 27(2) of AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 standard) CIRCUIT DERATING FACTORS ACCORDING TO AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 STANDARD. UNDERGROUND HV CABLES = 0.75 (0.78 X 0.96 X 1.0) IN WIRING ENCLOSURE (PVC CONDUIT). DERATING FACTOR FOR GROUPS OF CIRCUITS = 0.78 BASED ON 12 CIRCUITS ( COLUMN 3 OF TABLE 26(2) - DERATING FACTORS FOR GROUP OF CIRCUITS). RATING FACTOR FOR DEPTH OF LAYING = 0.96 BASED ON 1.0M (COLUMN 3 OF TABLE 28(2) - RATING FACTORS FOR DEPTH OF LAYING). RATING FACTOR FOR SOIL THERMAL RESISTIVITY = 1.0 BASED ON ASSUMED SOIL THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF 1.2°C.M/W (COLUMN 4 OF TABLE 29 - RATING FACTORS FOR SOIL THERMAL RESISTIVITY). OVERALL DERATING FACTOR (ODF)=0.97*0.75=0.73

17. Electrical Engineering CABLE RATING REQUIRED = Ir /ODF = 105/0.73=144.3 A CURRENT RATING OF 3C X 70 sq.mm CU/SCN/XLPE/SCN/HD.SCN/SWA/PVC - 6.35/11kV CABLE = 205A NUMBER OF CABLE REQUIRED =1 run HENCE,3C X 70 sq.mm ,CU , XLPE CABLE IS ADEQUATE BASED ON SHORT CIRCUIT CONDITIONS FAULT LEVEL( Ish)=16kA FAULT CLEARING TIME=0.1 sec( PROT RELAY TIME VARIES AS PER PROJECT) VALUE OF CONSTANT ‘K’ FOR XLPE CABLE =143  AREA OF CONDUCTOR = Ish* √t/K = 16000* √0.1/143 = 35.4 SQMM HENCE , 3C X 70 sq.mm CU,XLPE CABLE SELECTED IS OK

18. Electrical Engineering SLD OF ELECTRICAL OVERALL SECTION

19. Electrical Engineering SLD OF HT SWITCHBOARD INCOMING SECTION

20. Electrical Engineering SLD OF HT SWITCHBOARD OUTGOING SECTION

21. Electrical Engineering SLD OF MCC-1 I/C SECTION

22. Electrical Engineering SLD OF MCC-1 O/G SECTION

23. Electrical Engineering SLD OF MCC-1 O/G SECTION

24. Electrical Engineering SLD OF MCC-2 I/C SECTION

25. Electrical Engineering