ELS-Q1-M3-Minerals its sources& functions.pptx

What are Minerals?
Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic substances with a specific chemical composition and crystalline structure. They are essential for both geological formations and biological processes. In the human body, minerals play vital roles in growth, development, and maintaining overall health.

Categories of Minerals
Geological Minerals

Found naturally in the Earth’s crust.
Composed of elements like silicon, oxygen, iron, and calcium.
Examples: Quartz, Feldspar, Calcite, Hematite.
Biological Minerals (Nutritional Importance)

Essential for living organisms, especially in humans, to support functions like enzyme activity, bone formation, and nerve transmission.
Divided into two main categories:
Macrominerals (required in larger amounts)
Trace Minerals (required in smaller amounts)
Types of Biological Minerals and Their Functions
1. Macrominerals
These minerals are needed in significant amounts for various bodily functions.

Calcium (Ca): Essential for bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, muscle contraction.

Sources: Dairy products, leafy greens, almonds.
Magnesium (Mg): Involved in muscle and nerve function, energy production.

Sources: Nuts, seeds, spinach, whole grains.
Potassium (K): Regulates fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions.

Sources: Bananas, potatoes, beans.
Sodium (Na): Maintains fluid balance and is important for nerve function.

Sources: Table salt, processed foods.
Phosphorus (P): Essential for forming DNA and energy production.

Sources: Meat, dairy, nuts.
Sulfur (S): Found in amino acids and helps in protein synthesis.

Sources: Eggs, garlic, onions.
2. Trace Minerals
Although needed in small amounts, these minerals are critical for health.

Iron (Fe): A key component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.

Sources: Red meat, lentils, spinach.
Zinc (Zn): Supports immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis.

Sources: Meat, shellfish, legumes.
Iodine (I): Required for thyroid hormone production, which regulates metabolism.

Sources: Iodized salt, seafood, dairy.
Selenium (Se): Acts as an antioxidant and helps in thyroid function.

Sources: Brazil nuts, fish, eggs.
Copper (Cu): Involved in iron metabolism and connective tissue formation.

Sources: Shellfish, nuts, seeds.
Functions of Minerals in the Human Body
Bone Health: Calcium and phosphorus form the structural framework of bones and teeth.
Nerve Function: Sodium, potassium, and magnesium are involved in transmitting nerve impulses.
Immune System: Zinc supports immune cell function and helps fight infections.
Oxygen Transport: Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells and oxygen transport.
Metabolism Regulation: Iodine is necessary for producing thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism.

1. MINERALS After going through this module, you are expected to : 1 . identify the examples of minerals; 2. explain the different characteristics of minerals; 3. differentiate minerals based on their properties; and

2. Minerals Minerals make up the rocks beneath your feet, the soil that supports plants, and the deep rock of Earth’s mantle . Minerals are composed of elements such as those in the periodic table Minerals such as gold, graphite, diamond, and copper, are made up of only one element

3. Mineralogy Mineralogy is the study of the chemistry of minerals, crystals structures and their physical and optical properties Mineralogists is a person who studies minerals.

4. MINERALS

5. Characteristics of Minerals Naturally occurring chemical compounds Inorganic Homogeneous solid Definite chemical composition Structures of atom arranges in a crystalline pattern

6. Activity Arrange the jumbled letters to find the appropriate criteria to determine whether a material is classified as a mineral or not. 1. N L T L A U R Y N G O I R U C C - It is a product of Earth’s natural processes. 2. C A I I R O G N - It must be product of Earth’s physical processes .

7. Activity 3 . S O U E N E G O M O H D I L O S - have definite shape and volume. 4. E N I L L A T S Y R C E S R T R U C U T - atoms are arranged in order of increasing pattern. 5. L M C E H A I N O I T O C M O P S I - represented by chemical formula

8. Physical Properties of Minerals To identify minerals, mineralogists observe the following properties: a. Color - mineral’s color may change depending on the surface. b. Streak - color of mineral in powdered form.

9. Physical Properties of Minerals a . Color - mineral’s color may change depending on the surface. b. Streak - color of mineral in powdered form. To identify minerals, mineralogists observe the following properties :

10. Mohs Scale of Hardness (Diamond is the Hardest with a scale of 10 ) c . Hardness - minerals resistance to scratching

11. Physical Properties of Minerals d . Cleavage - mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture e. Crystalline structure or habit

12. Physical Properties of Minerals f . Diaphaneity /amount of transparency - ability to allow light to pass through it. This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample .

13. Physical Properties of Minerals g . Luster - how light is reflected off a surface h. Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress.

14. Tenacity of Minerals Brittleness - a mineral turns into powder Malleability -a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer. Ductility - A mineral can be stretched into wire. Flexible but inelastic -Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position .

15. Tenacity of Minerals Flexible and elastic- Minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position. Sectility - ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife.

16. Activity Identify the prominent properties exhibited by the following minerals. Fill in the blanks to form the appropriate term that best fits the described mineral property. L __ __ T __ R - a manner by which mineral reflects light . S __ R __ __ K - color of mineral in powdered form.

17. Activity 3 . __ L __ __V __ G __ - tendency of mineral to break along flat surfaces 4 . __ R __ C __U __ __- the manner breaks other than along planes of cleavage. 5 . H __R __ __ __S__ - resistance of mineral to scratching and it is the most commonly used property for identifying minerals.

18. Assignment Reflect Upon Upon knowing the value of minerals in our everyday life, as a student how can you help in conserving and preserving the natural sources of these minerals? (For example, graphite is a mineral found in pencil).