Embedded Systems introduction basic to advanced

Embedded systems Important concept in this ppt.

1. Embedded Systems By Shyam Agarwal Embedded project developer From Datapoint

2. WHAT?....... WHERE?.... WHY?..........

3. A way of working, organizing or performing one or many tasks according to a fixed set of rules, program or plan. Also an arrangement in which all units assemble and work together according to a program or plan. SYSTEMS

4. Embedded Systems It is an Electronic/Electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific function and is a combination of both hardware & software. OR A combination of hardware and software which together form a component of a larger machine.

5. History of Embedded Systems Apollo Guidance Computer

6. The Apollo Guidance Computer was the first modern system to collect and provide flight information, and to automatically control all of the navigational functions of the Apollo spacecraft. It was developed in the early 1960s for the Apollo program by the MIT Instrumentation Lab under Charles Stark Draper. "The guidance computer made the moon landings possible. It was designed almost entirely by MIT faculty and alumni from the Draper Lab (then called the Instrumentation Lab) and contractors staffed by MIT alumni.

7. TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Based on generation Based on performance and functional requirements Based on Complexity and Micro-controller

8. Based on generation: 1 st Generation Examples: Digital telephone keypads. 2 nd Generation Examples: SCADA systems 3 rd Generation Examples: Robotics, Media, etc. 4 th Generation Examples: Smart Phones. 5 th Generation Examples: 5G Technology.

9. Based on Performance and Functional Requirements : Stand Alone Embedded Systems ex: MP3 players, Microwave ovens, calculator Real-Time Embedded Systems ex: Traffic control system, Military usage in defense sector, Medical usage in health sector Networked Embedded Systems ex: Home security systems, ATM machine, Card swipe machine Mobile Embedded Systems ex: MP3 player, Mobile phones, Digital Camera

10. Based on Performance/Complexity and micro-controller: Small Scale Embedded Systems Medium Scale Embedded Systems Sophisticated or Complex Embedded Systems

11. Important terminologies used in embedded system Reliability: This measure of the survival probability of the system when the function is critical during the run time. Fault-Tolerance: Fault-Tolerance is the capability of a computer system to survive in the presence of faults. Real-Time: Embedded system must meet various timing and other constraints. They are imposed on it by the real-time natural behavior of the external world.

12. Flexibility: It’s building systems with built-in debugging opportunities which allows remote maintenance. Portability: Portability is a measure of the ease of using the same embedded software in various environments. It requires generalized abstractions between the application program logic itself and the low-level system interfaces.

13. Characteristics of an Embedded System Requires real time performance It should have high availability and reliability. Developed around a real-time operating system Usually, have easy and a diskless operation, ROM boot Designed for one specific task

14. It must be connected with peripherals to connect input and output devices. Offers high reliability and stability. Needed minimal user interface Limited memory, low cost, fewer power consumptions It does not need any secondary memory in computer.

15. Applications of Embedded Systems Robotic science: Ground Vehicles, Drones, Underwater Vehicles, Industrial Robots Medical: Dialysis Machine, Infusion Pumps, Cardiac Monitor, Prosthetic Device Automotive: Engine Control, Ignition System, Brake System Networking: Router, Hubs, Gateways, Electronics Instruments

16. Home Devices: TVs, Digital Alarm, Air Conditioner, DVD Video Player, Cameras, Automobiles: Fuel Injection, Lighting System, Door Locks, Air Bags, Windows, Parking Assistant System, Anti-stealing Alarms Whippers Motion Industrial Control: Robotics, Control System, Missiles, Nuclear Reactors, Space Stations, Shuttles

17. Each Embedded system is designed to serve the purpose of any one or a combination of the following tasks. Data collection/Storage/Representation Data communication Data (Signal) processing Monitoring Control Application specific user interfac Purpose Of Embedded Systems

18. Advantages of Embedded System It is able to cover a wide variety of environments Less likely to encore errors Embedded System simplified hardware which, which reduces costs overall. Offers an enhanced performance The embedded system is useful for mass production. The embedded system is highly reliable. It has very few interconnections.

19. Disadvantages of Embedded System To develop an embedded system needs high development effort. It needs a long time to market. Embedded systems do a very specific task, so it can’t be programmed to do different things. Embedded systems offer very limited resources for memory. It doesn’t offer any technological improvement. It is difficult to backup of embedded files.