EMS WORD............................pptx

EMS WORD............................pptx

1. ETHIOPIAN DEFENCE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POWER SYSTEM AND AUTOMATION STREAM ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND SCADA SYSTEMS COURSE CODE: EP-6102 SEMINAR 2 presentation ON ENERGY FORMS AND ENERGY CONSERVATION GROUP MEMBERS No NAME ID No Ediris Abrahim Umer RPG/0077/16 Kefale Atinafu RPG/0087/16 Shibeshi welderufael RPG/0033/16 SUBMITTED TO Dr. Wondowsen .A, (PHD) BISHOFTU, ETHIOPIA JUNE, 2024 6/20/2024 1

2. OUTLINE DEFINITION OF ENERGY Transformation of energy Law of conservation of energy Fundamental Forms of Energy Mechanical energy Potential energy and Kinetic energy Electrical energy Thermal energy Light energy Chemical energy Nuclear energy Energy Conservation Significant technique of energy conservation Benefits of energy conservation 6/20/2024 2

3. DEFINITION OF ENERGY Energy is the ability to do work. An object that has energy can perform work. Work is applying a force to move or change something. Therefore, something that has energy can apply a force. Energy can interact with objects and cause them to move or change. Energy can also be used to maintain a process or carry out an action. Fig 1 shows the definition of energy What is energy? 6/20/2024 3

4. Transformation of energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can change from one form to another. Energy transformation is the conversion of energy from one form to another . Fig 2 shows electrical energy into light energy 6/20/2024 4

5. Law of Conservation of energy Conservation of Energy is different from Energy Conservation, the latter being about using energy wisely. Conservation of Energy means energy is neither created nor destroyed . This means the total amount of energy stays the same within a system. Don’t we create energy at a power plant? E.g Wind has mechanical energy. A wind mill harvests this energy and transforms it to electrical energy . Fig 3 conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy from wind 6/20/2024 5

6. Fundamental Forms of Energy We can classify energy into specific types. Classifying energy this way distinguishes several forms of energy. There are several specific forms of energy. Six are listed below: Mechanical Energy Potential energy and kinetic energy Light (Radiant) Energy Electrical Energy Sound Energy Thermal Energy Chemical Energy Nuclear energy 6/20/2024 6

7. Mechanical Energy Mechanical energy is energy that an object has due to its motion or position. Mechanical energy is used to move, lift and hold objects. A bicycle has mechanical energy because it is moving. Wind has mechanical energy because it is moving air. A hammer has mechanical energy because it moves to hammer a nail . In many situations, there is a conversion between potential and kinetic energy . The total amount of potential and kinetic energy in a system is called the mechanical energy. Mechanical energy = PE + KE. Fig 4 shows hammer and nail applied ME on object 6/20/2024 7

8. Potential energy and kinetic energy All types of energy fall under these two categories (forms). Kinetic Energy are forms of energy in motion. Potential Energy are forms of energy that are store. Fig 5 shows exchange of PE and KE 6/20/2024 8

9. ELECTRICAL ENERGY Electrical energy is energy carried by charged particles. Electrical energy is also called electricity Charged particles can build up on an object. This creates stored electrical energy (static electricity). Charged particles can move from one place to another. This creates moving electrical energy (current electricity). Current electricity moves along a path called a circuit. Electrical appliances and devices can harness this energy by hooking up to the circuit. 6/20/2024 9

10. Thermal energy Thermal energy is associated with temperature. Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always vibrating. The faster the particles vibrate, the hotter the temperature of the matter. A hot object has more thermal energy than a cold object. The amount of thermal energy in a substance has to do with the substance’s temperature as well as the amount of matter in that substance . Fig 6 objects that have thermal energy 6/20/2024 10

11. Light energy Light energy is energy carried by light. Light usually refers to visible light. Visible light is electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. All types of electromagnetic radiation have energy. For this reason, light energy is more accurately called radiant energy . Infrared, radio waves, UV light, and x-rays are other types of electromagnetic radiation that have radiant energy . Fig 7 light energy from sun 6/20/2024 11

12. SOUND ENERGY Sound energy is energy carried by sound waves. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel through matter (solid, liquid or gas). Sound energy is created when an object vibrates . A vibrating object produces sound, and thus, sound energy. Fig 8 radio has sound energy 6/20/2024 12

13. CHEMICAL ENERGY Chemical energy is energy stored within the bonds between atoms of matter. It is used to keep atoms bonded together. The bonds between atoms in food and fuel store a lot of chemical energy. When a person digests food, the bonds break and chemical energy is released. When fuel is burned, the bonds break and chemical energy is released. Gasoline has chemical energy. The chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy when a car engine burns the fuel to power the car’s motion. Fig 9 Gasoline to car 6/20/2024 13

14. NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear energy is another form of energy. Nuclear energy is energy stored within the nucleus of an atom . It is energy that keeps the subatomic particles of the atomic nucleus together. When an atom splits, its nucleus splits and nuclear energy is released. This process is called nuclear fission. Nuclear energy can also be released when atomic nuclei combine . This process is called nuclear fusion. Fig 10 shows nuclear fission 6/20/2024 14

15. Energy conservation Energy conservation  is the effort to reduce wasteful  energy consumptions  by using fewer  energy services . This can be done by using energy more effectively (using less energy for continuous service) or changing one's behavior to use less service (for example, by driving less).  Energy conservation can be achieved through  efficient energy use , which has some advantages, including a reduction in  greenhouse gas emissions  and a smaller  carbon footprint , as well as cost, water, and energy savings. Green engineering  practices improve the life cycle of the components of machines which convert energy from one form into another. Energy can be conserved by: reducing waste and losses, improving efficiency through technological upgrades, improving operations and maintenance, changing users' behaviors through user profiling or user activities monitoring appliances, shifting load to off-peak hours, and providing energy-saving recommendations. 6/20/2024 15

16. Con’t Observing appliance usage, establishing an energy usage profile, and revealing energy consumption patterns in circumstances where energy is used poorly, can pinpoint user habits and behaviors in energy consumption . Appliance energy profiling helps identify inefficient appliances with high energy consumption and energy load. Seasonal variations also greatly influence energy load, as more air-conditioning is used in warmer seasons and heating in colder seasons. Achieving a balance between energy load and user comfort is complex yet essential for energy preservation .  On a large scale, a few factors affect energy consumption trends, including political issues, technological developments, economic growth, and environmental concerns . 6/20/2024 16

17. Significant technique of energy conservation User-oriented energy conservation User habits Off-peak scheduling User activity detection User-oriented energy conservation User behavior has a significant effect on energy conservation. It involves user activity detection, profiling, and appliance interaction behaviors. User profiling consists of the identification of energy usage patterns of the user and replacing required system settings with automated settings that can be initiated on request .  Within user profiling, personal characteristics are instrumental in affecting energy conservation behavior. These characteristics include household income, education, gender, age, and social norms . User behavior also relies on the impact of personality traits, social norms, and attitudes on energy conservation behavior. 6/20/2024 17

18. Con't User habits User habits significantly impact energy demand; thus , providing recommendations for improving user habits contributes to energy conservation. Micro-moments are essential in realizing energy consumption patterns and are identified using a variety of sensing units positioned in prominent areas across the home .   The micro-moment is an event that changes the state of the appliance from inactive to active and helps in building users' energy consumption profiles according to their activities. Energy conservation can be achieved through user habits by following energy-saving recommendations at micro-moments . Unnecessary energy usage can be decreased by selecting a suitable schedule for appliance operation. Creating an effective scheduling system requires an understanding of user habits regarding appliances . 6/20/2024 18

19. Con't Off-peak scheduling Many techniques for energy conservation comprise off-peak scheduling, which means operating an appliance in a low-price energy hour . This schedule can be achieved after user habits regarding appliance use are understood. Most energy providers divide the energy tariff into high and low-price hours. T herefore , scheduling an appliance to work an off-peak hour will significantly reduce electricity bills . User activity detection User activity detection leads to the precise detection of appliances required for an activity . If an appliance is active but not required for a user's current activity, it wastes energy and can be turned off to conserve energy. The precise identification of user activities is necessary to achieve this method of energy conservation. 6/20/2024 19

20. Benefits of energy conservation Protect the environment Significantly reduce the utility bills Earn a great return on your investment Increase the property value Enhance the quality of life Energy saving tips help you easily cut costs Earn incremental returns on energy efficiency investment Reduce the electricity price 6/20/2024 20

21. THE END THANK YOU 6/20/2024 21