Endocrine System

Endocrine System Medical Terminology

1. Endocrine System
Florida State College of Jacksonville – FSCJ
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

2. The endocrine system consists of glands that perform
very different functions. They are related to each
other because they all secrete hormones into the
blood.

Organs and glands of the endocrine system secrete
hormones to regulate various body functions
(EN-doh-kin-AWL-oh-jee)

3. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System at a Glance
Endocrine glands secrete hormones
Hormones regulate body activities
Metabolic rate
Water and mineral balance
Immune system reactions
Sexual functioning

4. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System at a Glance
Organs of the Endocrine System
Adrenal glands
Ovaries
Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
Thyroid & Parathyroid glands
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Testes
Thymus gland
Thyroid gland

5. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

6. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
endocrine system

7. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Combining Forms
acr/o
extremities
adren/o
adrenal glands
adrenal/o
adrenal glands
andr/o
male
calc/o
calcium
crin/o
secrete
estr/o
female

8. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Combining Forms
glyc/o
sugar
glycos/o
sugar
gonad/o
sex glands
home/o
sameness
kal/i
potassium
natr/o
sodium
ophthalm/o
eye

9. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Combining Forms
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
pineal/o
pineal gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
thym/o
thymus
thyr/o
thyroid gland
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
toxic/o
poison

10. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Suffixes
–crine
to secrete
–dipsia
thirst
–prandial
relating to a meal
–tropin
stimulate

11. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Anatomy and Physiology
Collection of glands
Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream
Chemicals that act on target organs
Increase or decrease target’s activity level
Instrumental in maintaining homeostasis
Maintain stable internal environment

12. E
n
d
o
c
r
in
e

S
y
s
t
e
m
home/o = same
-stasis = condition of standing still; staying in one place

13. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Types of Glands
Two types of glands in body
Exocrine glands and Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
Release secretions into duct that carries them to
outside of body
Example: sweat glands
Endocrine glands
Release hormones directly into bloodstream
Have no ducts, referred to as ductless glands
Example: thyroid gland

14. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Glands of the Endocrine System
Adrenal glands – two
Parathyroid glands – four
Pancreas
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Ovaries – two in females
Testes – two in males
Thymus gland
Thyroid gland

15. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System

16. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Adrenal Glands
Two glands, one located above each kidney
Each gland is composed of two sections:
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

17. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The adrenal glands

18. adrenal gland
cortex and medulla

19. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Adrenal Cortex
Mineralocorticoid
Example: aldosterone
Regulates sodium (Na
+
) and potassium (K
+
) levels
Glucocorticoid
Example: cortisol
Regulates carbohydrates
Steroid sex hormones
Androgens, estrogen, and progesterone
Regulate secondary sexual characteristics

20. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Adrenal Medulla
Inner portion
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Epinephrine is also called adrenaline
 Critical during emergency situations
Increases blood pressure
Increases heart rate
Increases respiration rate

21. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Ovaries
Two ovaries located in pelvic cavity of
females
Secrete female sex hormones, estrogen and
progesterone
Estrogen is responsible for:
Female sexual characteristics
Regulation of menstrual cycle
Progesterone
Maintains suitable uterine environment for
pregnancy

22. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The ovaries

23. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Testes
Two oval glands located
in scrotum
Secrete male sex
hormone, testosterone
Testosterone
Produces male secondary
sexual characteristics
Regulates sperm
production

24. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The testes. The testes.
Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L

25. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pancreas
Located along lower
curvature of stomach

Only organ that has
both endocrine and
exocrine functions
P
ancreas

26. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pancreas
Exocrine portion
Releases digestive enzymes
through duct into duodenum
Endocrine sections of the
pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
Produce insulin and glucagon

27. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pancreas
Insulin
Produced by beta cells
Stimulates cells of body to take in glucose from
bloodstream
Lowers blood sugar level
Occurs after eating a meal and absorbing
carbohydrates

28. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pancreas
Glucagon
Produced by alpha cells
Stimulates liver to release stored glucose into
bloodstream
Raises blood sugar levels
Occurs when body needs more glucose

29. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The pancreas

30. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Diabetes Video

31. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Thyroid Gland
Located on either
side of trachea
Resembles a
butterfly in shape
Divided into right
and left lobes

32. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid hormones
Thyroxine (T
4
)
Triiodothyronine (T
3
)
Needs iodine to make hormones
These hormones:
Regulate energy production
Adjust metabolic rate

33. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Thyroid Gland
Also secretes calcitonin
Regulates level of calcium in bloodstream
If calcium levels in blood rise too high:
Calcitonin levels in blood increase
Increases deposition of calcium into bone
Lowers levels of calcium in bloodstream
Its action is opposite of parathyroid hormone
homeostasis

34. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The thyroid gland is divided into a left and right lobeThe thyroid gland is divided into a left and right lobe
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L

35. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Parathyroid Glands
Four tiny glands
Located on dorsal surface
of thyroid gland

36. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Parathyroid Glands
Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Regulates level of calcium in bloodstream
If calcium levels in blood fall too low:
Parathyroid hormone levels in the blood
increase
Stimulate bone breakdown
Releasing more calcium into bloodstream

37. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The parathyroid glands.

38. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine Glands of the Brain
P
ineal gland
P
ituitary gland

39. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pineal Gland
Small pine cone-shaped gland
Part of thalamus region of brain

40. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pineal Gland
Secretes melatonin
Not well understood, but
plays a role in regulating
body’s circadian rhythm
24-hour clock that governs
periods of wakefulness and
sleepiness

41. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The pineal gland is a part of the thalamus region of the brain.

42. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pituitary Gland
Small marble-shaped gland

Located underneath brain
Divided into anterior and posterior lobes
Regulated by hypothalamus

43. Pituitary gland
The anterior pituitary gland
produces and secretes
seven different hormones.
The posterior pituitary
gland stores and secretes
two hormones that are
actually produced by the
hypothalamus.
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

44. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pituitary gland

45. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L B## )!
*#) 2 ) !
The pituitary gland lies just underneath the brain.
It is subdivided into anterior and posterior lobes.

46. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Anterior Pituitary
Referred to as “master gland”
Secretes hormones that regulate other
endocrine glands
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Regulates function of thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
Regulates function of adrenal cortex

47. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropins
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
FSH
Responsible for development of ova and sperm
Also stimulates ovary to secrete estrogen
LH
Stimulates secretion of sex hormones
Plays a role in releasing ova in females

48. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Anterior Pituitary
Growth hormone (GH)
Also called somatotropin
Stimulates cells to grow and divide
Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates milk production in breast
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin

49. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The different hormones and target tissues for the anterior pituitary. The different hormones and target tissues for the anterior pituitary.
Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L

50. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Posterior Pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Also called vasopressin
Promotes water re-absorption by the kidney tubules
Oxytocin (OXT)
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and
delivery
After birth stimulates release of milk from breast

51. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Thymus Gland
Located in mediastinum
Part of immune system
Also endocrine gland
Secretes thymosin
Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L

52. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Thymus Gland
Thymosin
Essential for growth and development of thymic
lymphocytes or T cells
Critical part of body’s immune system
Present at birth and grows to largest size
during puberty
At puberty begins to shrink and eventually is
replaced with connective and adipose tissue
Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L

53. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
The thymus gland. The thymus gland.

54. Effects of Hormones
Hormones from the various
endocrine glands affect
body metabolism, blood
glucose, blood calcium,
and blood sodium in
complementary or
opposite ways.
Homeostasis
home/o = same
-stasis = condition of standing still; staying in one place
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

55. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Click here to review the endocrine system glands in a labeling activity.
Endocrine System Exercise

56. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Word Building with adren/o & adrenal/o
–ectomy adrenalectomyremoval of adrenal gland
–itis adrenalitis
inflammation of adrenal
gland
–al adrenal
pertaining to adrenal
gland
–megaly adrenomegalyenlarged adrenal gland
–pathy adrenopathyadrenal gland disease

57. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
A medical term meaning the surgical
removal of the adrenal gland is:
a)adrenalectomy
b)hypopituitarism
c)adrenomegaly
d)endocrinologist
e)hyperparathyroidism

58. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
A medical term meaning the surgical
removal of the adrenal gland is:
a)adrenalectomy
b)hypopituitarism
c)adrenomegaly
d)endocrinologist
e)hyperparathyroidism

59. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Word Building with calc/o & crin/o
endo– –ologistendocrinologist
specialist in endocrine
system
endo– –pathyendocrinopathy
endocrine system
disease
hyper– –emiahypercalcemia
excessive calcium in
blood
hypo– –emiahypocalcemialow calcium in blood

60. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Word Building with glyc/o, kal/i, & natr/o
hyper– –emiahyperkalemia
excessive potassium in
blood
hyper– –emiahyperglycemia
excessive sugar in
blood
hypo– –emiahypoglycemialow sugar in blood
hypo– –emiahyponatremialow sodium in blood

61. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Word Building with parathyroid/o &
pancreat/o
–ic pancreatic pertaining to pancreas
–al parathyroidal
pertaining to
parathyroid
–ectomyparathyroidectomyremoval of parathyroid
hyper–
–ism
hyperparathyroidism
state of excessive
parathyroid
hypo–
–ism
hypoparathyroidism
state of insufficient
parathyroid

62. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Word Building with pituitar/o & thym/o
–ic thymic pertaining to thymus
–ectomy thymectomy removal of thymus
–itis thymitis inflammation of thymus
–oma thymoma thymus tumor
–ary pituitary pertaining to pituitary
hypo– –ismhypopituitarismstate of low pituitary
hyper– –ismhyperpituitarism
state of excessive
pituitary

63. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Word Building with thyr/o & thyroid/o
–al thyroidal pertaining to thyroid
–ectomy thyroidectomyremoval of thyroid
hyper– –ism hyperthyroidism
state of excessive
thyroid
hypo– –ism hypothyroidismstate of low thyroid
–megaly thyromegaly enlarged thyroid

64. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Vocabulary
acidosis excessive acidity of body fluids
edema excessive fluid in body tissues
endocrinology
diagnosis and treatment of conditions of
endocrine glands
exophthalmosprotruding eyeballs
gynecomastiadevelopment of breast tissue in males
hirsutism excessive amount of hair

65. exophthalmos
Exophthalmos is a well-
known sign of
hyperthyroidism. Edema
behind the eyeballs
causes them to bulge and
protrude forward, and the
large amount of white
sclerae makes the eyes
appear to be staring.
Custom Medical Stock
Photo, Inc.
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

66. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
A photograph of a woman with exophthalmos. This condition is
associated with hypersecretion of the thyroid gland.
(Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.)

67. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Vocabulary
hypersecretion
excessive hormone production by
endocrine gland
hyposecretion
insufficient hormone production by
endocrine gland
obesity having abnormal amount of fat
syndrome
group of symptoms and signs that
combine to present a clinical picture of
disease or condition

68. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Adrenal Gland Pathology
Two glands, one located above each kidney
Each gland is composed of two sections:
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

69. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Adrenal Gland Pathology
Addison’s
disease
hyposecretion of adrenal cortex;
symptoms include generalized weakness
and weight loss
adrenal
feminization
hypersecretion of estrogen by adrenal
cortex in males; develops female
secondary sexual characteristics like
gynecomastia
adrenal
virilism
hypersecretion of testosterone by adrenal
cortex in females; develops male
secondary sexual characteristics

70. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Adrenal Gland Pathology
Cushing’s syndrome
hypersecretion of adrenal cortex;
symptoms include weakness,
edema, excess hair growth, and
osteoporosis
pheochromocytoma
hypersecretion of epinephrine by
adrenal medulla tumor; usually
benign; symptoms include anxiety,
heart palpitations, dyspnea, and
headache

71. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Cushing’s syndrome
(Biophoto Associates/ Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Cushing’s syndrome
(Biophoto Associates/ Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

72. Cushing’s syndrome
(a) This patient shows the
characteristic signs of
Cushing’s syndrome.
Deposits of fat in the cheeks
give a moon face
appearance. Breakdown of
protein in the connective
tissues of the skin makes the
skin thin, allowing blood
vessels to show through and
give the cheeks a reddened
appearance.
Biophoto
Associates/Science
Source/Photo Researchers,
Inc.
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

73. Cushing’s syndrome
(b) The abdomen is obese,
while the extremities are
thin and there is muscle
wasting and weakness.
Dark facial hair and
amenorrhea occur only
with Cushing’s disease.
Biophoto
Associates/Science
Source/Photo Researchers,
Inc.
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

74. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pancreas Pathology
diabetes mellitus
(DM)
Chronic disorder of carbohydrate
metabolism
Results in hyperglycemia and
glycosuria
Two very distinct types:
- insulin-dependent
- non-insulin-dependent

75. Pancreatic Pathologies
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

76. Pancreatic Pathologies
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

77. Pancreatic Pathologies
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

78. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus
(IDDM)

Also called Type 1
Develops early in life
Destruction of islet cells
Person makes too little
insulin
Must take insulin injections
Non-insulin-
dependent diabetes
mellitus (NIDDM)

Also called Type 2
Develops later in life
Person makes enough
insulin, but it has lost ability
to regulate cells
Do not take insulin
Treated by diet, exercise, and
oral medications

79. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Diabetes Video

80. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pancreas Pathology
diabetic
retinopathy
accumulation of damage to retina;
complication of diabetes mellitus
ketoacidosis
acidosis due to excess of acidic ketone
bodies; serious complication of diabetes
mellitus
peripheral
neuropathy
damage to nerves in lower legs and
hands as a result of diabetes mellitus
insulinoma
islet of Langerhans tumor; secretes
excessive amount of insulin

81. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Parathyroid Gland Pathology
tetany
nerve irritability and painful
muscle cramps due to
hypocalcemia; may be caused by
hypoparathyroidism
Recklinghausen
disease
hypersecretion of parathyroid
hormone; causes degeneration of
bones

82. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pituitary Gland Pathology
acromegaly
chronic hypersecretion of growth
hormone in adults; causes enlargement
of bones of head and extremities
diabetes
insipidus (DI)
hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone;
symptoms include polyuria and
polydipsia
dwarfism
hyposecretion of growth hormone in
children; causes short stature

83. acromegaly
Increased levels of growth
hormone (GH) in
adulthood cause the face
and extremities to widen
rather than grow longer.
The foot on the left is
normal. The foot on the
right shows acromegaly
with enlargement and
widening.
NMSB/Custom Medical
Stock Photo, Inc.
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

84. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Acromegaly. The hand on the right is from a normal person, the
hand on the left is a person with acromegaly.
(Bart's Medical Library/Phototake NYC)
Acromegaly. The hand on the right is from a normal person, the
hand on the left is a person with acromegaly.
(Bart's Medical Library/Phototake NYC)

85. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Pituitary Gland Pathology
gigantism
hypersecretion of growth hormone
in child; results in very tall adult
panhypopituitarism
hyposecretion of all pituitary
hormones; results in problems with
the glands controlled by pituitary
gland

86. gigantism
The tallest man who ever lived
suffered from gigantism. His
name was Robert Wadlow. He
was born in 1918 in Illinois and
was of average weight and
length at birth. By the time he
was 18 years old, he was 8’11”
and weighed 491 pounds. He
wore size 37AA shoes that were
over 18” in length. He died in
1940, at the age of 22. The
tallest living man now is Bao
Xishun, a herdsman in Mongolia,
China. He was born in 1951 and
is 7’9”.
CORBIS-NY
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

87. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
panhypopituitarismpanhypopituitarism

88. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Thyroid Gland Pathology
cretinism
congenital hyposecretion of thyroid;
results in poor physical and mental
development
goiter enlarged thyroid gland
Graves’ disease
hypersecretion of thyroid; symptoms
include exophthalmos and goiter

89. goiter
A goiter can be a mild,
subtle swelling in the neck,
or it can enlarge enough
to cause difficulty
swallowing and breathing.
Marka/Custom Medical
Stock Photo, Inc.
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

90. Palpation of thyroid gland
The anterior location of
the thyroid gland means
that even mild
enlargement can be
detected. This physician is
palpating the edges of the
patient’s thyroid gland to
determine its size.
Pearson Education/PH
College
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals

91. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Goiter

92. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Thyroid Gland Pathology
Hashimoto’s
disease
autoimmune destruction of thyroid;
results in hyposecretion disorder
myxedema
hyposecretion disorder in adult;
symptoms include anemia, edema,
and mental lethargy
thyrotoxicosis
marked hypersecretion; symptoms
include rapid heart rate, tremors,
thyromegaly, and weight loss

93. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine Gland Pathology
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor in gland that
produces hormones secreted by that
gland; results in hypersecretion
pathologies

94. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Clinical Laboratory Tests
blood serum test
measures level of substances, such
as calcium, glucose, or hormones,
in blood
total calcium
measures calcium in blood; used to
diagnose parathyroid or bone
disorders
radioimmunoassay
(RIA)
measures levels of hormones in
blood

95. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Clinical Laboratory Tests
fasting blood
sugar (FSB)
measures glucose in bloodstream after
12-hour fast
glucose
tolerance test
(GTT)
measures blood sugar level over
several hours after person drinks large
dose of glucose
two-hour
postprandial
glucose
tolerance test
measures blood glucose level two
hours after a meal

96. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Clinical Laboratory Tests
protein
bound iodine
test (PBI)
measures T
4 blood level; iodine in the
hormone becomes bound to blood
proteins
thyroid
function test
(TFT)
measures levels of T
3, T
4, and TSH in
blood

97. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Diagnostic Imaging
thyroid
echogram
ultrasound image of thyroid gland
thyroid scan
nuclear medicine image based on
accumulation of radioactive iodine in
thyroid gland

98. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Medical Treatments
chemical
thyroidectomy
large dose of radioactive iodine is given
to kill a portion of the thyroid gland;
avoids surgery
hormone
replacement
therapy
administering replacement hormones;
treats hyposecretion disorders

99. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Surgical Treatments
laparoscopic
adrenalectomy
removal of adrenal gland through
small abdominal laparoscopic
incision
lobectomy removal of a lobe of thyroid gland

100. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Pharmacology
antithyroid
agents
blocks production of
thyroid hormones
Tapazole
corticosteroids
replaces adrenal cortex
hormones
Deltasone
human growth
hormone
therapy
replaces growth
hormone
Genotropin,
Protropin

101. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Pharmacology
insulin
treats type 1 diabetes
mellitus
Humulin L
oral
hypoglycemic
agents
decreases blood sugar
in type 2 diabetics
Glucophage,
Glucotrol
thyroid
replacement
hormone
replaces thyroid
hormones
Levo-T,
Cytomel
vasopressintreats diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin,
Vaprisol

102. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Abbreviations
a alpha
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADH antidiuretic hormone
b beta
BMR basal metabolic rate
DI diabetes insipidus
DM diabetes mellitus

103. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Abbreviations
FBS fasting blood sugar
FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
GH growth hormone
GTT glucose tolerance test
IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
K
+
potassium
LH luteinizing hormone

104. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Endocrine System Abbreviations
MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Na
+
sodium
NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
NPH neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)
PBI protein-bound iodine
PRL prolactin
PTH parathyroid hormone

105. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L