endocrine.system of human body and its importance

Endocrine system of human body and its importance in Body

1. The Endocrine System
An Introduction

4. The Endocrine System
•Uses chemicals (hormones) to control
functions in the body
•Hormones control most major processes:
Growth, metabolism, reproduction, etc

5. Endocrine Nervous
Slow
Hormones
Varied
Long lasting
Fast
Nerve impulse
Muscles, glands
Short term
Speed:
Method:
Target:
Duration:

6. A. Hormone Overview:
Hormones are produced and secreted by
specialized cells
Transferred by blood to special target cells

7. Hormones affect only target cells that have
specific protein receptors

9. B. The Types of Hormones:
Steroids–lipids, made from cholesterol
Amino acidhormones = proteins

10. Steroid Hormones:
Diffuse through the cell membrane of target cells
Binds to a protein inside the cell
Attaches to specific sites on the cell’s DNA
Activate genes

13. Slide 9.8
Amino Acid Hormones:
Hormone binds to a receptor onthe cell
membrane, does not enter
Sets off a series of reactions within the
cell

14. C. Stimulating the Release of Hormones:
1) Endocrine glands
are activated by
other hormones

15. 2) Changing levels of other
substances in the blood
ex-Calcium ions
-blood glucose
levels

16. 3) Nerve impulses
stimulate hormone
release

18. Slide 9.5
D. Regulating Hormone Activity:
-Hormones change the regular activity of existing
cells (do not stimulate new, unusual activity)
1) receptors are only
located on specific
cells
2) different numbersof
receptors
3) Different amounts or
levels of hormones

19. E. Control of Hormone Release:
Rising hormone levels in the blood inhibit the
release of more hormone

20. F. Location of Major Endrocrine Organs
Figure 9.3

21. Slide 9.15
1) Pituitary Gland:
Size of a grape
Hangs by a stalk under the hypothalamus
Has two lobes:
Anterior pituitary
–endocrine gland
Posterior pituitary
–nervous tissue

22. Slide 9.17
Hormones of the Pituitary:

23. Slide 9.18
a) Growth Hormone (GH):
General metabolic hormone
Targets bones and muscles
Causes fats to be broken down
for a source of energy
Dwarfism and gigantism
HSW: Gigantism video

25. b) Prolactin(PRL)
Stimulates and maintains milk production
following childbirth
Function in males is unknown

26. Slide 9.20a
c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-Stimulates follicle development in ovaries
-Stimulates sperm development in testes

27. d) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Influences growth and activity of the thyroid,
which regulates body’s metabolism

28. Slide 9.22
e) Oxytocin
Stimulates contractions of the uterus during
labor
Causes release of milk from breast,
contraction of milk ducts
Oxytocin video

30. f) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Retains water in the body, making urine
more concentrated
Inhibited by alcohol