ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REPORT_TESDA CAREGIVING NCII

Endocrine System

1. GROUP 5 KRISTINE A. GALEON LILIA M. FORTALEZA ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2. What is the Endocrine System?

3. The endocrine system is consists of the tissues (mainly glands) that create and release hormones Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by carrying messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles and other tissues. These signals tell your body what to do and when to do it . ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

4. The main function of your endocrine system is to release hormones into your blood while continuously monitoring the levels . Hormones deliver their messages by locking into the cells they target so they can relay the message . There are more than 50 different hormones , and they affect nearly all aspects of your health — directly or indirectly. Here are some examples include: FUNCTION OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Metabolism Homeostasis (constant internal balance), such as  blood pressure, blood sugar regulation, fluid (water), electrolyte balance and body temperature . Growth and development Sexual function Reproduction Sleep-wake cycle Mood

5. Endocrine glands Organs Endocrine-related tissues ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THREE TYPES OF TISSUES:

6. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

7. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM GLANDS Glands are special tissues in your body that create and release substances . Endocrine glands make and release hormones directly into your bloodstream. The endocrine glands to our body (from head to toe include): Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal gland

8. Pineal Gland This is a tiny gland in your brain  that’s beneath the back part of your corpus callosum . It makes and releases the hormone melatonin.

9. Pituitary Gland This is a small, pea-sized gland at the base of your brain below your hypothalamus. It releases eight hormones , some of which trigger other endocrine glands to release hormones.

10. The 8 Hormones of Pituitary Gland

11. Thyroid Gland This is a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the front of your neck under your skin. It releases hormones that help control your metabolism .

12. Parathyroid Gland These are four pea-sized glands that are typically behind your thyroid. Sometimes they exist along your esophagus or in your chest (ectopic parathyroid glands). They release  parathyroid hormone (PTH) , which controls the level of calcium in your blood.

13. Adrenal Glands These are small, triangle-shaped glands on top of each of your two kidneys. They release several hormones that manage bodily processes, like metabolism , blood pressure and your  stress response .

14. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ORGANS Certain organs in your body also make and release hormones. An organ is a group of tissues that form a structure that performs specific important functions in your body. The organs that are part of our endocrine system include: Hypothalamus Pancreas Adipose tissue (body fat) Ovaries Testicles

15. Hypothalamus This is a structure deep within your brain (which is an organ). It’s the main link between your endocrine system and your nervous system. It makes two hormones that your pituitary gland stores and releases (oxytocin and vasopressin) and makes and releases two hormones (dopamine and somatostatin).

16. Pancreas This organ is in the back of your abdomen (belly). It’s both an organ and a gland and is also part of your digestive system. It releases two hormones that are essential to maintaining healthy blood sugar levels: insulin and glucagon.

17. Ovaries These are small, oval-shaped glands located on either side of your uterus. They produce and store your eggs (also called ova) and make sex hormones that control your  menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

18. Testicles (testes)  These are small, round organs underneath your  penis in your scrotum. They make sperm and sex hormones , particularly  testosterone.

19. OTHER TISSUES THAT RELEASE HORMONES Other tissues in your body release hormones. But we don’t typically think of them as endocrine system tissues because they have other, more significant functions or roles. They include: Digestive tract (stomach and small intestine) : Your digestive tract is the largest endocrine-related organ system. It makes and releases several hormones that play a role in your metabolism . Examples include gastrin and ghrelin . Kidneys : Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that filter your blood. They’re part of your  urinary system , but they also produce hormones, like erythropoietin and  renin .

20. OTHER TISSUES THAT RELEASE HORMONES Liver : Your liver is part of your digestive system, but it also produces hormones, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and angiotensinogen. Heart : When your blood pressure rises, your heart releases two hormones called A-type natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide. Placenta : The placenta is a temporary endocrine organ that forms during pregnancy. It produces hormones that are important for maintaining a healthy pregnancy and preparing your body for  labor and breastfeeding   (chest feeding).

21. CONDITIONS & DISORDERS

22. WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES? DIABETIC AND METABOLIC CONDITIONS: Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Metabolic syndrome Obesity There are hundreds of conditions related to issues with your endocrine system.  Hormonal imbalances  make up a significant number of endocrine diseases. This typically means there’s too much or not enough of one or more hormones. But issues directly affecting endocrine system glands and organs, like benign and cancerous tumors, also account for endocrine diseases.

23. WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES? ENDOCRINE CANCERS & TUMORS: Adrenal tumors. Neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreatic cancer. Parathyroid cancer. Parathyroid tumors. Pituitary tumors. Thyroid cancer. Thyroid disease: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Thyroiditis. Thyroid nodule.

24. WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES? SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT, FUNCTIONS & REPRODUCTION CONDITIONS: Amenorrhea (absent periods). Erectile dysfunction. Growth hormone deficiency and excess (acromegaly or gigantism). Hormonal acne. Hormone-related infertility. Hypogonadism. Menopausal disorders. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

25. WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES? CALCIUM & BONE CONDITIONS: Hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Osteopenia and osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency.

26. CARE

27. HOW TO KEEP MY ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HEALTHY: Maintaining a weight that’s healthy for you. Exercising regularly. Getting proper nutrition. Getting quality sleep. Limiting or avoiding alcohol. Avoiding or quitting smoking.

28. HOW TO KEEP MY ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HEALTHY: Cosmetics Food and beverage packaging Toys Carpets Pesticides Chemicals called  endocrine disrupters  can also affect your endocrine system. These chemicals are in many everyday products, including some:

29. References: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21201-endocrine-system YOUTUBE: (Amoeba Sisters) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emvHaBiRY8Q&t=57s

30. Questions

31. Thank You!