Endosulphan

1. ENDOSULFAN
....

2. INTRODUCTION
¾
One of agricultural poisons.
¾
It is a neurotoxic
-
organochlorine
i
nsecticide.
¾
It is an endocrine disruptor & is highly toxic.
¾
Banned in more than 50 co
untries including INDIA,
BRAZIL & AUSTRALIA.

3. WHAT IS ENDOSULFAN????
A toxic organochlorine
p
esticide of moderate
mammalian toxicity which doesn’t accumulate in the tissues of man or animals to any significant extent. But undiluted Endosulfan
is slowly and incompletely
absorbed in the GIT of warm blooded animals.

4. ¾
In INDIA, Hindustan Insecticide Lmtd is the producer of Endosulfan.
¾
Sold under trade names -
THIONEX ENDOCIL PHASER
BENZOEPIN.

5. FATAL DOSE
¾
Poorly characterized.
TOXICITY
ACUTE :
1)ADULTS -
0.015 mg/kg.
2)CHILDREN –
0.0015 mg/kg.
CHRONIC: 1)ADULTS -
0.006mg/kg.
2)CHILDREN –
0.0006 mg/kg.

6. TOXICITY : NEUROTOXIC COLOUR : BROWN STATE / FORM : SOLID,CRYSTALS ODOUR : SLIGHT SULPHURDIOXIDE NATURE : CNS stimulant GROUP : chlorinated cyclodiene
insecticide

7. USES
¾
Effective against a wide range of insects like beetles,
caterpillars, woolly apple aphid, colorado
beetle, leaf hoppers &
cabbage worms -
b
y contact & stomach action.
¾
Used as a pre-harvest insecticide on fruits, nuts, vegetables,
field & grain crops including rice & ornamentals. ¾
Also used on non-
food crops such as tobacoo
&
cotton.

8. TIME OF APPLICATION
¾
Applied when insects first appear .
¾
Repeated applications can be done as necessary.
¾
Minimum intervals between last treatment & harvest vary from 15-42 days.

9. RULES & REGULATIONS
¾
Endosulfan
should be sprayed at a
height of not more than 2-3 m
above foliage .
¾
Prior information has to be given to people in the area
,
advising them to keep away from the area of application for a period of 20 days.
¾
All water bodies should be covered before spraying endosulfan.

10. HEALTH EFFECTS
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ¾
Harms by affecting semen quality, sperm count, spermatogenic
c
ells, sperm morphology & other defects.
¾
Puberty delayed in boys.
¾
Infertility among men.
¾
Girls attain menarche early.
¾
Menstrual disorders are frequent.
¾
Endosulfan
is experimentally shown to have estrogenic
effects.

11. NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS: •
Directly affects CNS & prevents it from working properly.
•
Causes nausea, dizzines, headache, convulsions or even status epillepticus
in adults if exposed to higher doses.
•
Learning disabilities, low IQ, scholastic backwardness.
•
Severe poisoning may result in death within hours or days.

12. OTHER SYSTEMIC
EFFECTS
¾
Endosulfan
ingestion affects the kidneys & liver.
¾
It inhibits leukocyte & macrophage migration.
¾
It damages RBC at concentrations of 1 ppb-1ppm.
¾
It causes mutations in mammals & may induce mutations in man if exposure is great.
¾
It is also a potential tumor promoter.
¾
Birth defects have been seen in offspring of animals ingesting endosulfan
during pregnancy.

13. Environmental effects
¾
Released in to the environment as a result of its use as an insecticide.
¾
Can be transported over long distances in the atmosphere, but the compound is relatively immobile in soils.
¾
Endosulfan
on crops, usually breaks down in a few weeks, but
it sticks to soil particles & may take years to completely break down.
¾
It can build up in bodies of animals that live in endosulfan contaminated water.

14. FIRST AID MEASURES AND
TREATMENT
¾
Treatment is symptomatic
.
¾
aimed at controlling convulsions and managing coma & respiratory depression.
¾
Cardio-vascular function must be monitored.
¾
EEG monitoring must be instituted.
¾
Do not give fats ,oils or milk.

15. IF
:
the patient is conscious. it is less than 1 hr after ingestion. a large quantity is ingested.
¾
Perform gastric lavage
p
rovided the air way is protected
by endotracheal
intubation. This should be followed by
intragastric
administration of activated charcoal slurry.
¾
In the case of skin contact, remove & discard
contaminated clothing & wash exposed skin including hair & nails with soap & copious amount of water.

16. ¾
Opiates , adrenaline, nor-adrenaline should be given with extreme caution.
¾
Atropine, oily laxatives should not be administrated.
¾
Rescuers must take precautions not to contaminate themselves.

17. Thank you…

19. B
elieve them….

20. It was in feb 2001 dat ...
“DOWN TO
EARTH“
broke the story…

21. A story of sufferin` & tragedy in PADRE village, kasargod………….

22. Kasargod…. Pride with itzzz cashew plantations…….

23. It was the life for many………….

24. Pesticides!!!!! A toxic time bomb in our midst………

25. Pesticides!! A bitter harvest????????

26. Online edition of Indi
a's National Newspaper
Thursday, Jul 19, 2007 ePaper
Kerala
Ne
w
s
:
ePape
r
F
r
ont
Page
|
|
Na
t
iona
l
|
Tamil Nadu
Andh
ra
P
r
adesh
Ka
r
nata
k
a
Ke
r
a
la
|
|
|
|
New
De
lh
i
Ot
h
e
r
S
t
at
es
|
|
Inte
rna
t
iona
l
Opini
o
n
B
u
siness
|
|
|
Spo
r
t
|
M
isce
lla
neou
s
Engage
m
ent
s
|
|
A
d
vts:
Classifieds
Job
s
|
|
Ke
r
a
la
Endosulfan ‘victim’
dead:
Staff Reporter KASARA
GOD: A nine-year-old
girl,
Jumaila, allegedly a victim
of Endosulfan, died on
Monday after years of treatment. Jumaila, the youngest daughter of
N. Muhammad, a resident
of Bevincha, Chengala, had
been on artificial respir
ation for the last few days. The fa
mily
was living at
Muliyar near the
Plantation Corporation estate wh
ere spraying of En
dosulfan was held
when Jumaila was
born. Jum
a
il
a began to show sym
ptom
s of Endosul
f
an
poisoning when she
was six m
o
nt
hs old.
Her bones lost their strength
and growth became stunted. He
r father, an agricultural
labourer, was finding it very difficul
t to find funds
for her treatment.
The neighbours of the
family said Jumaila did not get
benefit from the relief fund
announced by the State Govern
ment for Endosulfan victims

27. THE LIVING DEAD…………
Kerala`s endosulfan victims…

28. Human face of pesticides….

29. Sainaba-
whozz overgrowth of
head caused her death.

30. A cry for life………………….

31. I love to walk,,,, but……

33. How can I deny u,
my son????

35. How can we leave our school…….

36. I’ll strike back through education…….

38. Babyz in womb xposed to gender bending chemicalzz……

39. I will crab u…..

41. Say ‘NO’
to endosulfan……

42. Stop endosulfan… Stop pesticide
poisoning!!!!!

44. Letzzz pledge together……. NO more ENDOSULFAN!!!!!!!!