Energy conservation Act 2001.pptx

Energy Conservation Act 2001

1. Energy Conservation Act 2001: It frames some legal aspects so as to promote energy conservation. Policies & provisions under this act focus on: Benefits of high energy saving Reduction in the demand supply gap Reduction in the harmful emissions to environment via energy saving. Establishment of BEE in association with ministry of power regulated energy management centre is under the provision of this act. 1

2. Salient features of energy C onservation Act 2001 are: 2

3. S & L program specify the consumptions and performance standards for appliances in order to prevent energy efficiency. S & L program mandates for every notified equipment or appliance, a label showing performance so that consumer can have information of his choice. It brings in the constraints of standards and efficiency on production and transactions of substandard equipment. Energy intensive premises such as industries, commercial buildings and establishment such as railways, port, trust, etc. Are notified as designated consumers. Designated consumers have to adhere to the energy consumption standards imposed under the act and should get their energy audit done from certified energy audits. In this regard, an activity of development of professional, qualified experts Energy managers and auditors is done by BEE. 3

4. 4 BEE conducts a national level exam and these persons are certified or accredited. Moreover training modules are also designed to increase total expertise in energy efficiency and conservation. Energy conservation building codes(ECBC) suitable to respective local climate or other driving factors have been developed and notified to disignated consumers that are compulsory to comply with. ECBCs are made obligatory for the buildings which serve commercial purposes having connected load of at least 500kW or 600kVA contract demands. In this context, designated consumer should get energy audit conducted in such manner and at prescribed time intervals by BEE certified energy auditor. Central energy conservation fund set up at the centre should be used such that it will give impetus to R and D and encourage widespread use of energy efficient equipments and appliances.

5. 5 It also includes use of funds to create facility of testing to improve consumer awareness. Role of central govt. According to this act is To assist BEE financially by setting up energy conservation funds Provide various subsidies on equipments promoting energy efficiency and coordinate with state govt. In all related legal issues. State govt. Is presumed to, Modify the ECBC to adapt for regional and local climatic conditions. Appoint state level bureau to execute various provisions made in energy conservation act properly. Establish the fund in order to promote state energy conservation activities. Monetary penalties would be imposed in the case of offending the provisions of this act. BEE(Bureau of energy efficiency) has been established under the energy

6. 6 conservation act 2001 with primary objective to reduce energy intensity in indian economy. BEE is managed by commission of 26 members. This commission is led by Union ministry of power and CEOs of technical agencies under ministries.

7. 7 BEE and its Roles: Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a recommendatory body of central government (set up on 1st March 2002 under energy conservation Acts - 2001). The prime role of BEE is to observe the proper implementations of the energy conservation Acts - 2001 provisions. Major objective: Reduce the energy intensity of the Indian Economy. Some of the functions aiming facilitation, development and transformation are mentioned in the following. The BEE action plan has spotted 10 areas which need to be propelled so as to reduce energy intensity in the Indian Economy namely Industrial energy conservation Demand side management Standards and labeling of electrical products Energy efficiency in buildings ECBC

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9. 9 Standards and Labeling   Substantial energy savings are possible by replacing energy-inefficient electrical appliances with energy efficient appliances. The Bureau initiated the Standards and Labeling programs for equipment and appliances in 2006 to provide the consumer an informed choice about the energy saving. Standards and Labeling (S & L) is a key activity for energy efficiency improvement   The scheme covers Ducted and non-ducted air conditioners, household refrigerators, refrigerator and freezers; washing machines, Distribution Transformers, Induction Motors, Direct Cool Refrigerator, electric storage type geyser, Ceiling fans, Agricultural pump sets, Laptops, Diesel Generating sets & Diesel operating pump sets.

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11. 11 Authorized energy Audit and Management Manuals and codes Research on policies of energy efficiency Renewable energy study in school education Delivery Mechanisms for efficiency services Arrange training program of the personnel by expertise about energy efficient use and conservation. Development of methodology for testing and certification via testing facilities. Strengthening the consultancy services with more experience persons. Increase awareness by spreading information. Encourage research and development. Plan and facilitate execution of pilot project and demonstrations. Promote energy conservation by encouraging for energy efficient processes, equipment devices and systems.

12. 12 Give innovative financial options for energy efficiency projects. Assist the institutions to encourage for energy efficiently use and conservation. Design an education curriculum including all aspects of energy conservation. Develop and implement an international agenda regarding efficient use of energy and its conservation.

13. 13 Energy Efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector  To encourage the energy efficient technologies and operational practices in SME sectors in India, BEE has initiated the energy efficiency interventions in selected 25 SMEs clusters during the XI plan. Walk-through energy audits and Detailed energy audits of industrial are conducted. Energy use and technology gap are assessed. Manuals and Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) on energy efficient technologies are prepared. Technology demonstration projects in selected SME sectors will be implementations to facilitate large scale replication. Technical and managerial training is provided through workshops and seminars.

14. 14 Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT):   Industrial units in 8 selected sectors ( Aluminum , Cement, Chlor Alkali, Fertilizer, Iron & Steel, Paper & Pulp, Thermal Power, Textile) have been mandated to reduce their specific energy consumption (SEC) i.e. energy used per unit of production.   Better performing industries can earn Energy savings certificates ( ESCerts ) which could be traded to poor performing industries for compliance requirements.

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16. 16 Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency (MTEE):   Under BLY incandescent bulbs have been replaced by CFLs and now BEE is promoting use of LED lights.   Super Efficient Equipment Programme (SEEP):   A time bound incentive will be given to fan manufacturers to manufacture super-efficient (SE) fans and sell the same at a discounted price.   Main technical specifications of SE fans have been finalized. Assessment of testing capacity and development of testing protocols has been completed. Procurement of agency for monitoring and verification is under process.

17. 17 Energy Audit: Definition :- An organised approach that acquire understanding of existing energy consumption pattern of the facility, highlights the aspects that influence the energy usage and pinpoints cost effective saving opportunities is termed as Energy Audit. Energy Conservation Act, 2001 defines Energy Audit as "the verification, observation and investigation of energy use that also includes writing a technical report comprising suggestions for improving energy efficiency with economic analysis and an action plan to lower energy consumption" Energy audit is a survey made by professionals and the client organization together. It is a top-down initiative and resources that building management allocate to energy audit largely influence its effectiveness. Energy Audit is the key to a systematic approach for decision-making in the area of energy management.

18. 18 Energy audit aims to bring stability between total energy inputs and its use. It identifies the energy distribution channels in a facility. Energy usage in the facility follows some discrete function. The usage is quantified according to its distinct function. Energy Audit proves to be an important tool that establish and pursue a comprehensive energy management programme. General procedure of energy audit can be summarised in three steps,

19. 19 Need of Energy Audit: The major costs incurred in any type of Industry due to three aspects Energy, Labour and Materials. Energy includes both Thermal as well as Electrical. When it comes to manage the cost or to find out the area with potential of cost saving out of these aspects, energy always appears to be on top amongst them thus the any programme as an approach towards cost saving mainly involves energy management. Energy Audit helps to perceive all the information related to Energy use in the industry such as, Process of Energy and Fuel use Possible areas of unnecessary excess use of energy. Pinpoint where the scope for improvement exists. Crucial tasks related to production and utility encompasses the activities of, The energy cost reduction Preventive maintenance

20. 20 Quality control programme Energy audit aids to execute these tasks effectively giving it a positive direction. Energy Audit Programme helps to keep the track of, Disparity in Energy costs Imbalance in availability and reliability of energy supply Appropriateness of energy mix Addition of new energy conservation installations and equipments etc. In essence, Energy audit is nothing but a conversion of energy conservation idea into practical action with the help of suitable technical solutions. These solutions are feasible with respect to economic and other organizational constraints and specified for a particular time frame. The primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating costs.

21. 21 Energy audit provides a baseline to decide the strategy for more effective energy utilization throughout the organization. Energy Audit provides a "bench-mark" (Reference point) for managing energy in the organization.

22. 22 Objectives of Energy Audit -Identify the quality and cost of various energy inputs. -Assess the present energy usage pattern in different cost centers of operations. -Establish a relation between Energy Consumption and Production. -Identify the areas having potential to be thermally and electrically economical -Pinpoint the energy wastages in key areas -Set energy saving target at each cost centre. -Implement Energy Efficiency Measures and understand savings.

23. 23 Energy Audit Procedure: In energy audit procedure, auditor observes the pattern of energy usage in the facility. Practically implementable energy saving measures which will prove cost effective is suggested. It not only reduces energy use and lowers operating cost. Basically there are two types of audits by which energy saving potential can be identified. Types of Energy Audit a. Walk through audit b. Detailed audit

24. 24 Walk Through Audit: It is alternatively called as the preliminary audit or screening audit or simple audit. walk through is the simplest, quickest and least expensive way of identification and evaluation of energy saving opportunities. Generally there are two resources of data to perform walk through audit such as, Operation and Maintenance staff collects the data Serving utility provides this information. Basic information of the energy systems in the premises is collected as well. Walk through audit procedure involves, Review of energy bill of the premises Other operating data. Walk through of the premises to be familiar with the system whose audit is to be done so that inefficient areas can be identified.

25. 25 People have major influence on the energy usage hence this audit pays attention to habits and practices encouraging energy efficient use. Expenditures for this audit can be included in Operation and Maintenance cost. Only main issues are covered in walk through procedures. Walk through audit gives, Brief description of corrective measures: Energy conservation measures (ECMS) Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOS) Estimate of implementation cost Main areas of operation cost saving Simple payback Period. Though walk though audit is not sufficient for final implementation of measures, it provides the need of depth of Detailed Audit which is more elaborative as compared to Walk Through Audit

26. 26 Detailed Audit: It is also known as General Audit or In Site Energy Audit. Detailed energy audit is nothing but expansion of the simple audit discussed above. This method of audit also collects information of system operation, but in more detailed form as compared to Simple Audit. Energy conservation measures which were identified in Walk through audit are evaluated in all respect in Detailed Audit. This type of Energy Audit involves Collection and processing of data from in-site measurements. Full examination of the installed energy systems of the building/unit, which will permit to compose a thorough energy A sound techno- economical evaluation of one or more energy-saving

27. 27 approaches, with medium to high investments on specific systems after a relevant study. Auditor collects utility bills of an year or two and analyses in order to find out, Energy tariff structures for the system under study Energy usage profile The energy consumption is disaggregated in different end-uses e.g. Heating Cooling Lighting Different processes, etc. The different factors that affect the end-use are presented and analyzed e.g. Production or services capacity, Climatic conditions, Raw material data, etc.

28. 28 Proper metering in the system may perform a major role in this type of audit. In addition to data provided by utility, specific energy consumption in the system is metered. Metering of data at certain intervals give exact energy utilization profile of the system under study. This profile is analyzed for points of energy waste. System can have various energy consumption patterns viz. short term, long term. These are understood by having a detailed interview of the working staff of that particular system. This type of audit focuses all the most suitable energy conservation measures for the system. Another important aspect of the detailed audit is Financial Analysis. For each suggested measure Financial analysis is done on the basis of Investment criteria defined by consumer Estimate of implementation cost Operating cost savings.

29. 29 Detailed energy audit may be divided into three phases namely Pre Audit Phase Audit Phase Post Audit Phase The type of Energy Audit to be performed depends on: Function and type of industry. Depth to which final audit is needed, and Potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired.

30. 30 Audit Procedure: (A) Start-up meeting 1. The procedure starts with a start-up meeting. 2. It then continues until implementation of energy saving measures. (B) Analysis of energy use 1. Identify where energy is used. 2. It identifies the areas on which the audit should concentrate. 3.It increases awareness of energy expenses and use. 4. The results of the analysis can be used in the review of management structures and procedures for controlling energy use. (C) Collecting basic data When collecting basic data at site load some of the following important points can be considered:

31. 31 1.Operating hours This can be gathered from plant personnel, It is important to have accurate data. Correct assessment of the equipment's operating hours is very important for energy saving 2. Duty cycle Machines like large electric motors have varying loads. Different machines that requires different power. 3. Actual power consumed 3-phase and 1-phase current / voltage readings. Measurement of kW including power factor. Readings of fuel for monthly consumption.

32. 32 (D) Observation of actual field 1.After collecting the basic data actual field work we have to start. 2.We have to identify energy projects. 3. It means we have to find out processes where energy saving can be done. 4. The process may be very simple like replacement of old lighting with energy efficient lighting. 5.The process may be complicated like the installation of a cogeneration plant. 6. The main thing is to concentrate on major energy users and areas. 7.Always apply the 80/20 rules. It means concentrate on opportunities that require 20% Input and gives 80% of thesaving . 8. After finding these opportunities, spend more time on that having shorter payback periods.

33. 33 (E) Cost benefits analysis of the data 1.Now we have to make an analysis for the observed energy conservation opportunities. 2. The analysis should be in terms of the costs of carrying out that project versus the benefits that can be earned. 3. For example replacement of electronic ballast with electromagnetic one. We have to find the cost for the installation, payback period and the benefits that we gained like illumination level using electronic ballast. 4.If a net positive benefit from the project is observed then and then only we can think for this project. (F) Reporting 1. After cost benefit analysis we have to make report of the total analysis done from starting of the meeting. 2. We have to submit the detailed report. 3. Then we have to take sanction of that report from final authority.

34. 34 (G) Action plan for the Implementation of saving measures 1. After passing the report of cost benefit project, an action plan should be developed to implement the identified opportunities. 2. Priority of the project must be considered. 3. All the major steps must be included in the action plan for the proper implementation of the cost benefit project. 4.As well as all the people responsible for the project must be included in the action plan. 5. Moreover, a plan for monitoring the results must be there for the fruitfulness of the identified opportunity.

35. 35 Measurements for Energy Audit Energy audit instruments Multimeter : They measure amps (electron flow), volts (electrical pressure) and ohms(resistance)of electrical equipment. Multi-meters , particularly the digital clamp-on designs, are considered the most versatile audit  instrument. The typical multi-meter will measure 0 to 300 amps, 0 to 600 volts, and 0 to 1,000 ohms.  Power factor meters are used to measure the power factor of electrical equipment, particularly three-phase motors . Power  factor is a measurement of the electrical current in a wire which is doing useful work compared to the total electrical current in the wire. Power Factor Meter:

36. 36 Fuel Gas Analyzer ( Fytiter ) Measures the composition of flue gases after combustion What Does It Do? Monitoring Equipment Basically all combustion analyzers measure the % Oxygen or CO2 in the flue gases The efficiency can be calculated with an inbuilt programme Figure: A fyrite combustion analyzer

37. 37 Combustion Analyzer Determines the composition of flue gases in the duct, which flushes out the combusted gases to the chimney The flue gases’ composition values are based on volume Where & How It’s Used Monitoring Equipment Figure: A gas combustion analyzer Usually measure the % CO2 or O2 and the temperature of the flue gas Mostly, the flue gases are sucked out in order to react with chemical cells that enables the reading of O2 or CO2

38. 38 Combustion Analyzer Always calibrate the instrument in open fresh air before taking a set of measurements Check for clogging of the air filters Ensure that the rubber tubing carrying the gases to the instrument is not bended Wrap the opening space left by cotton rags to ensure that there is no in- or exfiltration of air Use of hand gloves, goggles and safety helmet Safety and precautions should be consulted from the operation manual Precautions Monitoring Equipment

39. 39 Speed Measurement A tachometer is a contact type instrument that can be used where direct access is possible A stroboscope is a source of flashing light that can be synchronized with any fast, repetitive motion so that a rapidly moving device seems to stand still, or to move slowly Tachometers and Stroboscopes Monitoring Equipment Figures: A stroboscope to the left and a tachometer to the right

40. 40 Speed Measurement Tachometers (contact type): Used to measure the speed of rotation of a motor or pulley etc The wheel is brought in contact with the rotating body that due to the friction obtains the same speed Stroboscope: This is a versatile flashing light source used to: a) measure the speed of fast-moving objects or b) to produce the optical effect of stopping or slowing down high-speed motion for observation, analysis, or high-speed photography Monitoring Equipment Tachometers and Stroboscopes

41. 41 Speed Measurement While using a contact type tachometer, care should be taken while bringing the wheel of the tachometer in contact with the rotating body Loose clothing should never be worn while taking measurements with a tachometers Taking measurements alone should be avoided Precautions Monitoring Equipment

42. 42 Leak Detectors Detects the ultrasonic sound of a leak As long as the leak is turbulent, there will be enough sound to detect it ultrasonically A leak test can be done in an enclosed area which is saturated with refrigerant The electronic process heterodyning converts the high frequency leak sound to a lower range What Does It Do? Monitoring Equipment

43. 43 Leak Detectors The probe is slowly moved close to the gas or steam pipe line Where the leak is a hissing sound can be heard through headphones Where & How It’s Used? Monitoring Equipment Figures: Leak detector

44. 44 Leak Detectors Monitoring Equipment Dust or smoke should not come out of the pipe Avoid measurement at the places where sound level is high Safety precautions should be consulted from the operation manual Precautions

45. 45 Lux Meters Consist of a body, a photo cell and a readout Light energy is transferred by the photo cell into an electric current that the meter calculates to the appropriate value of Lux or Foot candles A standard color can be referred to as color temperature and is expressed in degrees Kelvin The readings will vary with different light sources What Does It Do? Monitoring Equipment

46. 46 Lux Meters The sensor is placed at the work station or where the light intensity will be measured The instrument will directly give the reading Where & How It’s Used? Monitoring Equipment Figures: Lux meter

47. 47 Lux Meters The sensor should be properly placed on the workstation Due its high sensitivity, the sensor should be kept safely Safety and precautions should be consulted from the operation manual Precautions Monitoring Equipment

48. 48 Infrared Thermometer   These thermometers rely on the electromagnetic radiation emitted by solids or fluids.  The radiation is characteristic of their temperature. The heart of the infrared thermometer is the detecting surface, which absorbs infrared energy and converts it to an electrical voltage or current. Monitoring Equipment

49. 49 Infrared Thermometer   These thermometers rely on the electromagnetic radiation emitted by solids or fluids.  The radiation is characteristic of their temperature. The heart of the infrared thermometer is the detecting surface, which absorbs infrared energy and converts it to an electrical voltage or current. Monitoring Equipment

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