Energy resources and Energy transfer 1.pptx

Water distribution
Water cycle

1. Topic 3: Energy resources and energy transfers a) Units b) Energy transfers c) Lesson title: Energy stores and pathways Conservation of energy and efficiency Conduction Convection current

2. Energy Stores and Transfers Understanding systems and energy changes JIYAS SHOUKATH

3. Energy moves between stores via four main pathways Mechanical Work (W): Transfer by a force moving an object Electrical (E): Transfer by moving electric charge Heating (T): Transfer by thermal processes Radiation (R): Transfer by waves, such as light or infrared Energy Transfer

4. Understanding the principle that energy is neither created nor destroyed Energy cannot be created or destroyed Total energy of the universe remains constant Isolated systems have zero net energy change Example: Gravitational Potential Energy becomes Kinetic Energy Conservation of Energy

5. Understanding energy inefficiencies and the importance of effective energy conversion Energy dissipated as heat or sound Efficiency measures energy conversion effectiveness Sankey diagrams visually represent energy flow Wasted Energy

6. Sankey Diagram and Efficiency calculation

7. To increase efficiency, we must actively reduce the loss of wasted energy Reduce Heating Loss: Use insulation (e.g., thick walls, vacuum layers). Reduce Friction (Work Done Loss): Apply lubricants (e.g., oil) to moving parts. Reduce Noise (Sound Radiation Loss): Use damping materials or soundproof enclosures. Maximizing Efficiency

8. Understanding how different appliances transfer energy in everyday life Electric Heater: Electrical (supplied) → Thermal (in the room) Transfer: Electrical work and heating Kettle Boiling Water: Electrical energy is transferred by electrical work to the Thermal store of the water Wasted Energy: Heating of the kettle's exterior casing and some sound Examples of Energy Transfers

9. Liquids and gases, are poor conductors of heat

10. Two solids of different temperatures come in contact with one another, thermal energy is transferred from the hotter object to the cooler object Conduction can occur through two mechanisms: •Atomic vibrations •Free electron collisions These mechanism transfer internal energy until thermal equilibrium is achieved throughout the substance Thermal Conduction in Solids

11. Convection current : Movement of fluid carries energy from warmer to cooler place. Material itself moving in convection which is not happening in conduction. Convection

12. Convection current at work Convection currents rise above the warm objects in a room. Cold air sinks from the freezing compartment in a refrigerator

13. Thermal radiation All objects give off thermal radiation The hotter an object is, the more thermal radiation it emits Thermal radiation is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum called infrared Thermal radiation is the only way in which heat can travel through a vacuum It is the way in which heat reaches us from the Sun through the vacuum of space

14. Effects of different surfaces

15. Conduction, Convection and Radiation in a mug of coffee