Energy systems

PowerPoint from my first placement on energy systems

1. Energy Systems

2. Overview of PowerPoint ATP Energy Quiz Energy systems

3. Lesson goal At the end of this lesson you should be able to list all 3 energy systems give a basic description on how they work

4. Adenosine Triphosphate Our body stores energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ATP made up of 1 Adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate molecules Is where TRI phosphate comes from

5. Energy Our body requires energy, this energy comes from the breakdown of ATP in our cells. Breakdown of ATP=Energy=Movement All energy for cellular activity comes from ATP

6. ATP Adenosine P P P = ATP Adenosine P P P = Adenosine P P Energy P Adenosine P P = Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Energy is released when the Phosphate bond is broken.

7. How ATP is generated Our cells can’t get energy directly from food Needs to be stored as a useable form of energy ATP The food we eat contains energy (kilojoules) This energy is used to produce ATP molecules Energy is stored in ATP like a battery

8. ATP is like a battery for the body Is broken down to Glucose Fatty acids Amino Acids Energy released from breakdown of glucose is stored in an ATP Molecule ATP Body uses ATP when it needs to Continuously recharging the battery

9. Nutrients 3 types of nutrients we can get energy from - Carbohydrates - Protein - Fats We digest these nutrients to convert them to other forms so we can used them to generate ATP - Carbohydrates Glucose ATP - Proteins Amino Acids ATP -Fats Fatty acids ATP

10. True or false Glucose is the only useable form of energy our body can use. False! ATP is the only useable form of energy

11. Energy Systems ATP is generated through 3 different energy systems The energy system the body generates it through depends on the intensity and the duration of the exercise being performed ATP-PC system = very quick explosive exercise Lactic Acid system= Moderately intense exercise lasting several minutes Aerobic system= Long duration exercise

12. Anaerobic and Aerobic An anaerobic energy system is one that does not require oxygen to generate ATP An aerobic energy system is one that does require oxygen to generate ATP

13. ATP-PC system Is an anaerobic energy system Used for explosive exercises lasting 8-10 seconds Generates ATP very quickly but only limited supply (runs out quick) The most inefficient energy system

14. ATP-PC system- How it works ATP is stored in the muscles and liver for quick access ATP stores run out in 2-3 seconds When you move ATP is broken down to ADP +P to generate energy for the body to use. When the Phosphate is split that’s where the energy comes from ATP stores in the muscle run out very quickly therefore we must generate more VERY useful for quick explosive exercises, generates ATP very quickly but also runs out quickly

15. ATP-PC system- How it works Phosphate creatine (PC) is another compound stored in the muscle Is broken down to P+C to release energy for ADP to combine with the extra Phosphate However PC stores also run out quickly and that is why ATP-PC system only lasts for 10seconds PC stores back to 98% after 3 minutes of rest PC P C Energy ADP P Energy ATP

16. When is the ATP-PC system used? When is the ATP-PC system the main energy system used? Heavy Weight lifting 100m sprint

17. ATP-PC recap Phosphate creatine (PC) is broken down, breaking it down releases energy that is used to form ATP from ADP and P + energy PC stores only last approximately 10 seconds Therefore used for short exercises (100m sprint) Generates ATP very quickly

18. Lactic acid energy system Also known as the Anaerobic energy system Breaks down glucose and glycogen to form ATP Generating ATP through this energy system also produces lactic acid Lactic acid causes our body to fatigue Therefore can only be used for exercises lasting 2-3 minutes Lactic build up makes muscles feel heavy and tired

19. Lactic acid energy system-How it works When the muscles run out of PC stores must generate ATP another way – lactic acid energy system Body breaks down glucose or glycogen to generate ATP through a process called Anaerobic glycolysis or just glycolysis If oxygen is not present the body will also produce lactic acid in the process 1 molecule of glucose will produce 2 molecules of ATP 1 molecule of glycogen will produce 3 molecules of ATP Glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver

20. True or false? The ATP-PC system can only be used once every 30 minutes. False! The ATP-PC system is able to almost fully restore itself in 3 minutes.

21. Lactic acid energy system When is it predominately used? Intense exercises lasting 2-3 minutes 400-800m run Many team sports- Netball, football ect

22. Aerobic energy system Most efficient energy system – also slowest Can only generate ATP in the presence of oxygen Is used for long distance events or exercises lasting longer than 5 minutes

23. Aerobic energy system- How it works Begins the same way the lactic acid energy system does- breakdown of glucose and glycogen If oxygen IS present lactic acid will not be produced and instead more ATP is formed through Aerobic glycolysis Generates ATP much slower than Anaerobic glycolysis and even more slower than ATP-PC system therefore is used for low intensity/long duration exercise. With oxygen 1 glucose molecule generates 36 molecules of ATP 1 glycogen molecule generates 37 molecules of ATP Fatty acids are broken down to produce 129ATP

24. Aerobic system-When is it used When is it used? Continuous exercise lasting longer than 5 minutes Marathon Long distance cycling

25. Quick quiz 1. Which energy system is the quickest? 2. Which energy system is the most efficient? 3. If I was running a 800m what energy system would I predominately use? 4. True or false – Sitting down would use the aerobic energy system 5. What are carbs, fats and proteins broken down to when they first enter the body?

26. Answers 1. ATP-PC 2. Aerobic 3. Lactic acid 4.True 5. Glucose, fatty acids and amino acids

27. Overview

28. Using multiple energy systems An exercise can use more than one energy system – Many exercises do For example a swimmer diving off the blocks to swim 1500m will initially use the ATP-PC system to dive off the blocks quickly but then switch to the aerobic energy system to swim 1500m A football player will use the ATP-PC system to have a quick run or make a tackle, but then switch to aerobic when high intensity movement is not required.

29. Advantages and disadvantages What are some advantages and disadvantages of each energy system? ATP-PC Lactic acid Aerobic Advantages Efficient Produces a lot of ATP Can be used for a long time Disadvantages Slowest energy system Cant be used for intense exercise Advantages Produces moderate amount of ATP Can be used for longer than ATP-CP system Does not require oxygen Disadvantages Produces lactic acid (causes fatigue) Can only be used for around 3 mins Advantages Fastest energy system Can be used for very powerful movements Does not require oxygen Disadvantages Very limited duration Most inefficient energy system

30. Softball What energy systems would softball use and when would we use each one? ATP-CP -When we are batting -When we are throwing -When we run to each base Lactic acid -Running to retrieve ball fielding -Home run Aerobic -Standing in the field