Eng7-Q4-Lesson 1 Part 1 Understanding Discipline-Specific Words, Voice, and Technical Terms.pptx

Understanding Discipline-Specific Words, Voice, and Technical Terms

1. Eng7-Q4 Lesson 1: Analyzing Discipline-Specific Words, Voice, Technical Terms, and Definitions Prepared by: Mr. Sandy N. Navergas Learning Competency : EN7INF-IV-3 Analyze the use of discipline-specific words, voice, technical terms in research, and conceptual, operational, and expanded definition of words.

2. Objectives By the end of the lesson, students will be able to: Define discipline-specific words and technical terms. Recognize the importance of using the correct voice in academic and research texts, and; Identify examples of technical terms in research articles.

3. Understanding Discipline-Specific Words, Voice, and Technical Terms

4. What do you think makes a text sound more academic or professional?

5. Let’s dig deeper!

6. Discipline-Specific Words and Technical Terms :

7. Discipline-specific words and technical terms are vocabulary elements that are unique to a particular field of study or professional practice. These terms help to communicate complex ideas precisely and efficiently among experts, as they carry nuanced meanings that general language might not capture. Their use signals a deep familiarity with the subject and lends credibility to the text. Discipline-specific words and technical terms are vocabulary elements that are unique to a particular field of study or professional practice. These terms help to communicate complex ideas precisely and efficiently among experts, as they carry nuanced meanings that general language might not capture. Their use signals a deep familiarity with the subject and lends credibility to the text. However, when targeting a broader audience, it is often important to define or contextualize these terms to ensure clarity and avoid alienation.

8. Each field—whether science, literature, history, or another discipline—develops its own specialized vocabulary to facilitate precise and efficient communication among its practitioners.

9. For example, in science, terms like photosynthesis , mitochondria , and quantum mechanics help describe complex processes and phenomena with precision. In literature, words such as metaphor , bildungsroman , and alliteration encapsulate stylistic devices and narrative structures that are central to textual analysis.

10. In history, vocabulary like feudalism , Renaissance , and Cold War provides a shorthand for discussing detailed periods, events, or systems, ensuring that discussions remain focused and contextually accurate. Similarly, in fields like economics, terms such as inflation , opportunity cost , and monopoly concisely summarize core theories and market behaviors. These discipline-specific words and technical terms not only enhance clarity among experts but also help maintain a consistent framework for understanding complex ideas within each field.

11. Here are different disciplines along with examples of their specialized vocabulary: Science (Biology, Physics, Chemistry) Biology: Homeostasis, Osmosis, Ecosystem, DNA, Mutation Physics: Velocity, Kinetic Energy, Entropy, Quantum Mechanics, Relativity Chemistry: Catalyst, Molarity, Covalent Bond, Oxidation, pH Literature and Linguistics Literature: Allegory, Foreshadowing, Hyperbole, Sonnet, Stream of Consciousness Linguistics: Phoneme, Syntax, Morpheme, Semantics, Pragmatics History and Political Science History: Industrial Revolution, Totalitarianism, Imperialism, Renaissance, Enlightenment Political Science: Sovereignty, Bureaucracy, Democracy, Diplomacy, Ideology

12. 4. Mathematics and Engineering Mathematics: Derivative, Theorem, Probability, Algorithm, Matrix Engineering: Torque, Circuit, Load-bearing, Aerodynamics, Thermodynamics 5. Economics and Business Economics: Inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Supply and Demand, Marginal Cost, Fiscal Policy Business: Entrepreneurship, Market Segmentation, ROI (Return on Investment), Stakeholder, Branding 6. Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine: Diagnosis, Prognosis, Hypertension, Anesthesia, Pathogen Health Sciences: Metabolism, Immunity, Nutrients, Neurotransmitter, Epidemiology

13. 7. Law and Criminology Law: Plaintiff, Jurisdiction, Habeas Corpus, Litigation, Affidavit Criminology: Recidivism, Forensic Evidence, Felony, Probation, Rehabilitation 8. Psychology and Sociology Psychology: Cognitive Dissonance, Behaviorism, Neuroplasticity, Psychopathology, Conditioning Sociology: Social Stratification, Ethnocentrism, Cultural Capital, Social Norms, Deviance

14. Technical terms

15. Technical terms are specialized words or phrases that have precise, specific meanings within a particular field of study or profession. These terms help experts communicate complex concepts efficiently and accurately. Unlike general vocabulary, technical terms often require background knowledge to be fully understood.

16. For example, in technology , the term "algorithm" refers to a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task, particularly in computing and programming. In literature , a "sonnet" is a 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and meter, often exploring themes of love or nature. Because technical terms are discipline-specific, they play a crucial role in ensuring clarity and consistency in academic, professional, and scientific communication.

17. Voice in Research :

18. Voice in writing refers to the tone, style, and perspective from which a text is written. It shapes how ideas are conveyed and how the writer connects with the audience.

19. One key aspect of voice is the distinction between active and passive voice . In active voice , the subject performs the action (e.g., "The scientist conducted the experiment"), making sentences more direct and engaging. In passive voice , the action is emphasized over the subject (e.g., "The experiment was conducted by the scientist"),

20. Formal vs. Informal Voice : Formal writing (e.g., academic papers, scientific reports) avoids contractions, colloquialisms, and personal pronouns, maintaining a neutral and professional tone. Informal writing (e.g., blog posts, personal essays) allows for conversational language, contractions, and a more relaxed tone.

21. How Different Disciplines Use Voice?

22. Different academic and professional fields use distinct voices to maintain objectivity or emphasize key aspects of their discipline: Sciences (Biology, Physics, Medicine, Engineering) use a formal and objective voice , often favoring passive constructions to emphasize processes and results over individual researchers (e.g., The data were analyzed to determine the effect of the treatment ). Humanities (Literature, History, Philosophy) blend formal and analytical voices , often incorporating active voice to interpret texts and historical events (e.g., Shakespeare explores themes of fate and free will in Macbeth ).

23. Business and Law prioritize clarity and precision , often using active voice to convey authority and direct action (e.g., The company will implement new policies next quarter ). Social Sciences (Psychology, Sociology, Political Science) balance formal and analytical voices , sometimes using passive voice for objectivity in research findings (e.g., The survey responses were categorized based on demographic factors ).

24. Identify the discipline-specific words, technical terms, and the voice used in each text.

25. Let’s try! The process of photosynthesis is essential for plant survival and energy production. During this process, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen through the absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll. The chemical reactions take place in the chloroplasts, where light-dependent and light-independent reactions occur. Research has shown that external factors such as light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration significantly impact the efficiency of photosynthesis.

26. Let’s try! In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the theme of ambition is explored through the protagonist’s tragic downfall. Macbeth’s desire for power leads him to commit heinous acts, demonstrating the destructive consequences of unchecked ambition. Shakespeare employs dramatic irony and symbolism to highlight the character’s moral decline, reinforcing the idea that ambition, when uncontrolled, can lead to one’s downfall.

27. Let’s try! The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, drastically transformed societies worldwide. Innovations in machinery and manufacturing led to the mass production of goods, shifting economies from agrarian to industrial. Urbanization increased as people moved to cities for factory jobs, resulting in both economic growth and social challenges. The revolution also influenced labor movements, as workers sought better wages and working conditions in response to exploitation.

28. Let’s try! Studies have shown that cognitive development in children is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, children progress through four distinct stages, each characterized by specific cognitive abilities. Research indicates that early exposure to language and problem-solving activities enhances cognitive growth, emphasizing the importance of early childhood education in intellectual development.

29. Let’s try! Market segmentation allows companies to tailor their products and marketing strategies to specific consumer groups. By analyzing demographic, geographic, and behavioral data, businesses can identify target audiences and develop more effective advertising campaigns. For example, a company selling sportswear may focus on young, active individuals who prioritize fitness, ensuring that marketing efforts resonate with their interests and lifestyle.