Engine Head Presentation

IC Engine

1. PRESENTATION TOPIC ENGINE HEAD Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

2. Introduction An engine is a mechanical device that converts thermal energy into mechanical work Thermal energy can be obtained from chemical energy of fuel by burning it in anyone of the following arrangements; Outside of the engine and transporting pressurized hot gases or steam to move pistons of the engine, called as External Combustion Engine (ECE). Inside engine cylinders generating pressure to move pistons, called as Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

3. Based on arrangement of cylinder: a) Single cylinder b) Inline Engine c) V Type Engine d) Opposed cylinders Engine e) W-Engine f) Opposed Piston Engine g) Radial Engine Based on arrangement of Valve: a) L – Head b) I – Head c) F – Head d) T – Head CLASSIFICATION OF engine Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

4. Based on construction: Two Stroke Engine Four Stroke Engine Based on ignition: Spark Ignition Engine Compression Ignition Engine Based on number of cylinder: Single cylinder Twin cylinder Three cylinder Four cylinder Six cylinder CLASSIFICATION OF engine Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

5. In an internal combustion engine, the top of the cylinder is closed with a separate cast piece called the engine head / cylinder head. The cylinder head is bolted to the upper part of the cylinder block . This joint is covered by a head gasket. It consists of a  combustion chamber , spark plugs, and sometimes  valves . T he cylinder head includes passages that deliver air and fuel to the cylinders, and which allow exhaust gas to exit. The cylinder head is usually made of gray iron or aluminum alloy. ENGINE HEAD Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

6. PICTORIAL VIEWS OF ENGINE HEAD (Mehran 800cc) Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

7. The cylinder head is made up of many parts, some major components are as follows; Head Gasket Intake and exhaust ports Head Valves Head Combustion Chamber Spark Plugs Head Camshaft Valve Spring ENGINE HEAD COMPONENTS Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

8. 1) HEAD GASKET: The head gasket, usually made from a thin piece of steel, seals the joint between the engine block and the cylinder head. Without the gasket the seal between them, the two components would fail, causing a loss of pressure that would in turn reduce the power output of the engine. Water could also enter the cylinder chamber and mix with engine oil, causing overheating and damage to the internal components. 2) INTAKE AND EXHAUST PORT: The intake and exhaust ports are part of the cylinder head. The intake port is meant to circulate air through a channel into the cylinder head and combustion chamber. After the combustion process, the gases are removed from the combustion chamber by the exhaust port. This avoids the build-up of internal pressure, which can result in an explosion. COMPONENTS FUNCTION Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

9. 3) HEAD VALVES: An engine has valves to close and open, the purpose of which is to stop or prevent the entry of air and fuel into the combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, each cylinder has two valves – the intake valve is usually larger and the exhaust valve is smaller. 4) HEAD COMBUSTION CHAMBER: The head combustion chamber is called the core of the engine. In which the air-fuel mixture burns to generate the power to move the vehicle. Combustion chambers are available in various shapes and sizes. Well, it depends on the engine that you have and the application of the vehicle. COMPONENTS FUNCTION Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

10. SPARK PLUGS: The  spark plugs provides power to the combustion chamber to ignite the air/fuel mixture. Plugs are mounted on the cylinder heads, their tips leading directly to the combustion chamber. They are usually threaded to ensure an airtight seal. 6) HEAD CAMSHAFT: The cylinder head also includes the  camshaft . In this, the camshaft operates to open and close the valves. The  camshaft  is one of the engine block components, uses a  belt drive the cylinder head camshaft. COMPONENTS FUNCTION Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

11. 7) VALVE SPRING: The valve spring function is to hold the valve position in order to close tightly. The valve position is pointing down, with the spring then the valve seeds will be depressed to the valve mounting in cylinder head. So, there is no gap. In addition, the spring use to recover the valve position after pressed. When the camshaft pressing the valve, the gap is open. If there is no spring, it will be always open and this could cause a leak. COMPONENTS FUNCTION Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

12. Following are the types of cylinder head / Engine head: Flat head cylinder head: A  flat head engine , is an  internal combustion engine with its  poppet valves (also called mushroom valve)  contained within the  engine block , instead of the  engine head , as in an  overhead valve engine. Flat heads were widely used internationally by automobile manufactures from the late 1890s until the mid-1950s but were replaced by more efficient overhead valve and  overhead camshaft engines. TYPES OF ENGINE HEAD Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

13. 2. Overhead valve cylinder head: An  overhead valve  ( OHV )  engine  is a  piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier  flat head engines , where the valves were located below the combustion chamber in the engine block. The camshaft in a traditional OHV engine is located in the engine block. The motion of the camshaft is transferred using  pushrods  and  rocker arms to operate the valves at the top of the engine TYPES OF ENGINE HEAD Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

14. 3 . Overhead camshaft cylinder head: An  overhead camshaft  ( OHC )  engine  is a piston head where the  camshaft  is located in the  cylinder head above the  combustion chamber . This contrasts with earlier  overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion chamber in the  engine block . TYPES OF ENGINE HEAD Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

15. The engine head plays an important role in a vehicles. Some of the functions are as follows; It provides the mounting for various components such as inlet and outlet exhaust valves and ducts, spark plugs, fuel injectors, and camshafts. In addition, it gives way to coolant, oil, and combustion gases. The cylinder block absorbs the heat produced by the engine and, therefore, generates cooling to prevent engine failure. It seals the combustion chamber and serves as the engine’s mechanical control powerhouse. It also takes away the compression resulting from the combustion pressure. FUNCTION OF ENGINE HEAD Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

16. Following are the applications of cylinder head: The engine head is integrated with the cylinder block, in some cases commonly done in racing cars to achieve a gas-tight joint. The detachable head type has more benefits than integral construction. However, some heavy-duty engines requiring higher cooling rates such as those in racing cars may use copper alloys. Applications of engine head Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

17. The cylinder head contains most of the mechanical components of an engine. As a result, it determines the engine’s behavior in terms of torque, emissions, cooling, and even acoustics. They're key to controlling air flow in and out of the cylinders and fuel deployment.  It is a detachable metal that fits over the top of the cylinder block. Which is mainly used to close the combustion chamber of the engine from above. CONCLUSION Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering

18. https://mzwmotor.com/cylinder-head-parts-and-functions/ https://themechanicalengineering.com/different-parts-of-the-engine-and-their-function/ https://www.theengineerspost.com/cylinder-head/ https://www.ingenieriaymecanicaautomotriz.com/ic-engine-components-and-their-functions-types-and-terminology/ references Internal Combustion Engine LAB Department of Mechanical Engineering