ENGLISH class 9 grammar topic Modals.pdf

Modals

1. HOLIDAY HOMEWORK
SUBJECT :-ENGLISH
CLASS :-9
TH
D

2. MODALS
MODAL VERBS ARE A SPECIAL KIND OF HELPING VERB. A MODAL VERB HELPS
THE MAIN VERB TO EXPRESS THE MOOD OF THE SUBJECT AND AT THE SAME
TIME IT CAN INDICATE POSSIBILITY , PERSUASION ,
ABILITY,WILLINGNESS,ETC.
CAN WILL MUST
COULD WOULD MIGHT
SHOULD OUGHT

3. CAN ,COULD
ABILITY •I CAN SPEAK ENGLISH . ( I AM ABLE TO SPEAK
ENGLISH.)
•HE CAN WORK THIS MACHINE.
•I COULD WRITE THE LETTER IN ENGLISH IF I WANTED
TO.
•HE COULD WRITE ENGLISH BEFORE HE CAME TO
SCHOOL.
PERMISSOIN ▪YOU CAN GO NOW . (YOU ARE PERMITTED TO GO.)
▪STOP! YOU CAN’T DO THAT (YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED OR
PERMITTED TO DO THAT .)
▪CAN I GO TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT
▪COULD YOU LEND ME 5$ FOR A WEEK.

4. MAY , MIGHT
PERMISSION ➢MAY I GO OUT
➢YOU MAY GO NOW [YOU ARE PERMITTED TO GO OUT ]
> HE MIGHT ENTER THE COLLEGE NEXT YEAR
POSSIBILITY ➢IT MAY RAIN TONIGHT [ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT IT WILL RAIN TONIGHT ]
➢IT MAY BE TRUE . [IT IS POSSIBLY TRUE ]
➢HE MIGHT NOT HAVE COME EVEN IF WE HAD ASKED HIM .
OUESTIONS ➢MAY I TROUBLE YOU TO PASS THE SALT
➢MIGHT I BORROW YOUR PENS
MIGHT (BUT NOT MAY) IS USED TO MAKE REQUEST.
AUXILARY VERBS ➢A WISH :-MAY GOD BLESS YOU.
➢APURPOSE :-WE EAT THAT WE MAY LIVE.

5. MUST
COMPULSION IR STRONG MORAL
OBLIGATION
❖WE MUST KEEP OUR PROMESSES .
❖WE MUST OBEY THE LAWS OF THE
COUNTRY .
FIXED DETERMINATION ❖I MUST HAVE MY MONEY BACK
❖I MUST HAVE MY SAY IN THIS MATTER.
DUTY ❖A JUDGE MUST BE UPRIGHT.
❖A SOLDIER MUST FIGHT FOR HIS COUNTRY
CERTANITY OR STRONG LIKIHOOD ❖HE MUST BE UP BY THIS TIME.
❖THEY MUST HAVE MISSED THE TRAIN.

6. SHALL
IN ASSERTIVE SENTENCES, SHALL IN THE FIRST PERSON
SIMPLY GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUTURE
ACTION.
a)SHALL HELP YOU
b)I SHALL BE SIXTEEN ON MONDAY
SHALL IN SECOND OR THIRD PERSON IS USED TO
DENOTE :-
1)A PROMISE
a)YOU SHALL HAVE A HOLIDAY TOMMOROW.
b)YOU SHALL HAVEB A MEDAL IF YOU WIN.
2) A COMMAND A)HE SHALL GO (HE IS COMMANDED TO GO ).
B)
3) A THREAT A) IF YOU DO THIS YOU SHALL BE DISMISSED.
B)HE SHALL BE PUNISHED IF HE DOES THAT AGAIN.
4)DETERMINATION A)YOU SHALL GO THERE.(=YOU WILL BE OBLIGED TO GO
THERE.)
B) YOU SHALL APOLOGIZE FOR THAT.

7. WILL
IN ASSERTIVE SENTENCE, WILL IN THE SECOND AND
THIRD PERSON INDICATE SIMPLE FUTURITY , WITHOUT
ANY REFERENCE TO THE WISH OF THE AGENT.
HE WILL WIN THE FIRST PRIZE.
YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DO IT IN NO TIME.
WIIL IN THE FIRST PERSON IS USED TO DENOTE--→
1) DETERMINATION
I WILL DO AS I LIKE ( I AM DETERMINED TO DO AS I LIKE .)
2)A PROMISE
I WILL HELP YOU (= I PROMISE TO HELP YOU.)
3) A THREAT
I WILL EXPOSE HER (= I THREATERN TO EXPOSE HER.)
4) A WISH
I WILL GO HOME (= IT DENOTES WISH ON THE PART OF THE
SPEAKER.)
5) WILLINGNESS
I WILL LEND YOU MAY PEN (= I AM WILLING YOU TO LEND
YOU MY PEN .)

8. SHOULD
EXPRESS DUTY OR OBLIGATION IN ALL PERSONS WE SHOULD HELP THE POOR
GIVING OR ASKING ADVICE YOU SHOULD NOT LAUGH AT HER MISTAKES
INDICATES DISAPPOVAL OF SOMETHING THAT WAS DONE
IN THE PAST .
THE EXPRESS EXPERSSION , POSSIBILTY , CONDESTION
EG;-IF IT SHOULD RAIN THE SCHOOL WILL REMAINS CLOSE
TO EXPRESSS PURPOSE AND RESULT IN CLAUSES
INTRODUCED IN ORDER THAT AND SO THAT EG; 20
COPYS OF THE BOOK WERE BOUGHT SHOU
AFTER LEST TO EXPRESS ARE NEGATIVE PURPOSE EG:-HE
RAN FAST LESS HE SHOULD MISS THE TRAIN
.
IN DEPENDENT CLOSIS AFTER VERBS AND PHASES
INDICATING DETERMINATION OR WILLINGNESS , THREAT,
ORDER OR PROMISSES EG:-IN PROMISE MY BROTHER
THAT HE SHUOLD HAVE A NEW PEN.

9. WOULD
WOULD THE PAST FORM OF THE WILL, IS USED.
1. TO EXPRESS A WISH
I WOULD KNOW WHAT MY DUTY IS
2) TO INDICATE REFUSAL
SHE WOULD NOT (= REFUSED TO) ANSWER THE QUESTION
3) TO EXPRESS
DETERMINATION
HE WOULD HAVE HIS OWN WAY (= HE WAS DETERMINED TO
HAVE HIS OWN WAY.)
4) TO EXPRESS PAST HABIT
SHE WOULD SIT (= WAS IN THE HABIT OF SITTING ) FOR
HOURS IN HER GARDEN AND KNIT.
5) TO EXPRESS WILLINGERS IN
THE PAST
SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD HELP ME.
6) IN POLITE SPEECH
WOULD DO MIND IF I SHUT THE WINDOW.
7) TO DENOTE CONDITION OR
UNCERTAINLY
IF HE SHOULD HEAR OF YOUR MARRIAGE , HE WOULD BE
SURPRISED.

10. OUGHT TO
OUGHT IS UED TO EXPRESS DESIRBILITY ,MORAL
OBLIGATION AND DUTIES.OUGHT IS A DEFECTIVE
VERB. IT Can INDICATE PRESENT OR FUTURE TIME .
IT TAKES AN INFINITIVE AS OBJECT.
WE OUGHT TO LOVE OR NEIGHBOURS .(= IT IS OUR
DUTY TO LOVE OUR NEIGHBOURS .)
OUGHT TO HAVE WITH A PAST PARTICIPLE IS USED TO
INDICATE A PAST OBLIGATION THAT WAS NOT
FULFILLED OR CARRY OUT.
YOU OUGHT TO HAVEVHELPED HER (BUT YOU DID
NOT.)
OUGHT NOT A HAVEB IS USED TO INDICATE
DISAPPROVAL OF SOMETHING THAT WAS DONE IN
THE PAST.
YOU OUGHT NOT TO HAVE LAUGHED AT HER MISTAKES.