English derivational morphology

Derivational Composition

1. Derivations English Morphology By Mahrukh Shehzadi 1

2. Introduction Derivational morphology is a branch of morphology dealing with word-formation. (Trask.1993) The process of obtaining new words by adding affixes to existing words or stem occurs. Affixes are bound morpheme s which can only attach to word or stem. The process changes the new semantically and grammatically. 2

3. 1. Noun Markers Noun is a word that names a person, place, thing or idea (Spears : 1991). Exp: Bobby; London; Board; Freedom. 3

4. Noun Marker Suffixes (cont....) c y = democracy ti on = proclamation t y = celebrity s hip = citizenship a l = proposal e r = teacher o r = actor c e = confidence i ng = smiling ate = directorate logy = ideology - = wish i st = dentist 4

5. In English word-formation, a noun derives from a noun, a verb and an adjective but not an adverb. If a noun form is from an identical word class, the meaning may change but its grammatical category remains the same. (Noun is derived from Noun) Company = companion; Independence = independency; Philosophy = philosopher; Friend = friendship . 5

6. Noun Markers (cont....) (Noun is derived from Verb) Propose = proposal; Type = typist; Educate = educator; Write = writer. (Noun is derived from adjective) happy = happiness; Sick = sickness; Fresh = freshness; Polite = politeness. 6

7. 2. Verb Markers A verb is a word conveying action or a state of being; the core of the predicate and in modern linguistics, the core of the sentence (Spears : 1991). -en = widen, blacken; (adj/suffix) -ize = harmonize, modernize; (adj/suffix) - en- = endanger, enjoy; (prefix / N) -0 = glue, tie.(zero marking) -en = fasten (adv/suffix) 7

8. 3. Adjective Marker Adjective is a member of a group of words that are used to modify, supplement, add to, or restrict the meaning of nouns or nominal (Spears : 1991). -ic = alcoholic, organic; (N/suffix) -ous = dangerous; (N/suffix) -ing = boring; (N/suffix) -ed = educated; (V/suffix) -ive = protective; (V/suffix) -al = instrumental; (N/suffix) -ial = influential; (adj/suffix) -0 = black, sad.( adj/-) 8

9. 4. Adverb Marker Spears (1991) argues that an adverb is a word or phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb and sentence. -ly = smoothly; Very = very rarely; -0 = fast, late. 9

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11. Assignment Find out four markers of word-formation and their examples !! 11

12. The end Thank you 12