English for academic and professional purposes

English for academic and professional purposes lesson 5

1. Lesson 2 Outlining Academic Texts

2. Plan a trip of the places you would visit in the country. Be sure to include the places you will visit and the expected budget. 2

3. 3 How is planning a trip like planning an essay?

4. Essential Question Why should writers use outlines for planning written output? 4

5. helps writers categorize main points organize paragraphs for consistency and sense ensure that paragraphs are fully developed Outlining Academic Texts 5

6. A well-written outline has: a thesis statement the main idea for each paragraph the evidence and supporting details for each each paragraph Outlining Academic Texts 6

7. 7 Why is it important to include supporting details for each main idea presented in paragraphs?

8. only phrases and main ideas are used wording is parallel to one another headings and subheadings should be divided into two or more parts Topic Outline 8

9. Origin of young adult books How it was popularized Why young adult books are popular The evolution of young adult books Thesis statement: The young adult genre should be appreciated by readers of all ages. Popular young adult books worldwide List of books popular with all ages Authors who changed the genre Critical feedback for authors and books in the genre Topic Outline 9

10. Future of the young adult genre Benefits of reading the genre How to promote reading the genre Recommended authors for reading Topic Outline 10

11. Flexibility of blended learning Learner sets his or her own time Learner does work anytime and anywhere Learner chooses how he or her learns Thesis statement: Blended learning has its advantages, especially in senior high school. Convenience of blended learning No face-to-face with teachers and students Multiple materials presented for learners Offline mode can be utilized when necessary Topic Outline 11

12. Efficiency of blended learning Learning adjusted to learner’s pace Chances for follow-up after own learning Allows reflective learning from learner Topic Outline 12

13. Personal Social Interaction Sellers and customers create a network Sellers and customers have constant interaction Sellers and customers build a relationship Thesis statement: Owning a business helps with social development amongst high school students. Professional Social Interaction Network can lead to referrals Opportunity to practice ethics Opportunity to practice courtesy Topic Outline 13

14. Intrapersonal Relationships Seller becomes reflective of interactions between customers Customers become reflective of attitude shown to seller Reflective practices ensure better interpersonal relationships for future Topic Outline 14

15. 15 What are advantages of using a topic outline?

16. sentences utilized less need for parallelism Sentence Outline 16

17. Thesis statement: The local teenage pregnancy rate is a problem which needs to be addressed. Teenage pregnancy worldwide has lowered throughout the years. The rate of teenage pregnancies has dropped in the last decade. Statistics have shown the drop is significant in the United States. The statistics show that there is an improvement and more awareness about the issue. Sentence Outline 17

18. Why did the number of teenage pregnancies drop? It may be a sign that there is a shift of thinking between generations. Further research can be done, which aims to examine why the rates have dropped. Though sex education is not legal in the country, there is a possibility that teenagers are more aware of the consequences of premarital sex. Sentence Outline 18

19. What are the recommendations for the issue? The issue is being addressed internationally. The Philippines should be more proactive in helping prevent teenage pregnancies. These recommendations should be addressed as soon as possible to help protect women and their children. Sentence Outline 19

20. 20 Why should the main idea be identified before understanding the texts as a whole?

21. Thesis statement: Having routines can help one fulfill goals set. It may be hard to establish a routine at first. Routines must be established by a person and it has to be done every so often (every day). Establishing a routine takes times and practice. The person must be aware of the steps to take in establishing a routine. Sentence Outline 21

22. How can routines help? Routines can help by clearing and compartmentalizing the thoughts of the doer. Routines helps the doer to establish the flow for the day. When the activities and routines are accomplished, the doer becomes more productive. Sentence Outline 22

23. How can routines help establish a goal? Goal setting can be integrated into the routines of a person. Goal setting allows the doer to work towards the goals established. Routines become an integral part of person’s lifestyle and helps him or her become more productive. Sentence Outline 23

24. 24 Why can creating a sentence outline be time-consuming?

25. Thesis statement: Teaching someone to cook requires patience, skills, and a love for food. The teacher-cook must be patient. Not all people will be aware of the basics of cooking. Teaching someone to cook will still require explanations and demonstrations. One must also be prepared for questions and more demonstrations for understanding. Sentence Outline 25

26. The teacher-cook must be skilled in cooking. Before a cook can teach, he or she must know the techniques to share. Having skills to cook is necessary for accurate demonstration. There is an opportunity to share shortcuts and techniques to others as well. Sentence Outline 26

27. The teacher-cook must love food as well to share it with others. This cook does should have a love for food because passion fuels teaching. When a student sees the passion of the teacher for the subject, there is more motivation to learn as well. That kind of passion can be passed from mentor to mentee and improve results. Sentence Outline 27

28. 28 Why should a researcher take time to plan the study?

29. Can utilize either a topic or sentence outline for IMRaD Introduction should have the specific research problem Methodology should contain design, participants, environment, instrumentation, and data analysis IMRaD Outline 29

30. Results should have specific data for each research problem presented in the introduction Discussion should contain main idea, analysis, and conclusions of results IMRaD Outline 30

31. 31 The outline must be complete no matter the format of the research.

32. Research topic: Experimental study on the use of waste segregation in elementary schools. Introduction Background of the study Studies about waste segregation in schools worldwide Studies about waste segregation in local schools Studies about waste segregation in local elementary schools IMRaD Outline 32

33. Framework Statement of the Problem Will the elementary students utilize bins for waste segregation? What factors do the students consider in using the waste segregation bins? What are the effects of using the waste segregation bins on the school’s physical environment? IMRaD Outline 33

34. Methodology Experimental design Five elementary schools (random sampling) San Jose del Monte, Bulacan Experimental and control group Z-test for independent variables IMRaD Outline 34

35. Results Results for SOP 1 Results for SOP 2 Results for SOP 3 Discussion Significant results Impact on the elementary schools Impact on the Philippines Impact for future researchers IMRaD Outline 35

36. 36 Research can be presented through a research article, thesis, or dissertation.

37. Research topic: Factors that students consider when choosing a senior high school Introduction Background of the study Different factors for choosing a school Factors considered in foreign literature Factors considered in local literature IMRaD Outline 37

38. Framework Statement of the Problem What are the factors which students consider when enrolling in a SHS? Which is the most significant factor for newly enrolled grade 11 students? Which factor was the most prominent per academic strand for newly grade 11 students? IMRaD Outline 38

39. Methodology Descriptive Research Stratified Random Sampling for Grade 11 students A private school in Manila Survey Confirmatory factor analysis IMRaD Outline 39

40. Results Results for SOP 1 Results for SOP 2 Results for SOP 3 Discussion Significant results Impact on grade 10 students Impact on private high schools Impact on future researchers IMRaD Outline 40

41. 41 How can the IMRaD outline help new researchers?

42. Research topic: Experiences and responsibilities of middle children Introduction Background of the study Middle children profiles Home lives of middle children in foreign literature Home lives of middle children in local literature IMRaD Outline 42

43. Framework Statement of the Problem What are the home responsibilities of middle children? What are their experiences while doing their home chores? How do they feel about their own experiences while doing home chores? IMRaD Outline 43

44. Methodology Qualitative Research Random Sampling (5 participants) JHS in Imus, Cavite Interview, RRL Open and axial coding IMRaD Outline 44

45. Results Results for SOP 1 Results for SOP 2 Results for SOP 3 Discussion Significant results Impact on grade 10 students Impact on private high schools Impact on future researchers IMRaD Outline 45

46. Create an outline Create an outline for a process essay on performing random acts of kindness for people in your community. 46

47. Which kind of outline did you use and how did it help you organize your thoughts? 47

48. Question What does “parallelism” mean in outlines? 48

49. Question What should be found in the Discussion part of the IMRaD outline? 49

50. Question How can missing an essential part of the IMRaD outline delay the writing process? 50

51. 51 There are two ways to outline ideas for written works: topic outline and sentence outline . The topic outline utilizes key words and concepts only.

52. 52 The sentence outline utilizes complete sentences to organize the ideas. An outline can be used to present the IMRaD of a research paper.