English-for-Academic-and-Professional-Purposes-Lesson-1.pptx

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1. English for Academic and Professional Purposes 1 Presentation by: Sir Jay Ralph O. Loberiza, LPT

2. 2 Course description This course's goal is to develop a learner's English communication skills for academic and professional purposes. Through this course, the student is expected to learn how to write various types of academic texts and how to apply their research and goals into tangible and professionally-written output. The course will hone their ability to utilize various research and writing techniques that will help them present and advocate for the research topics they intend to pursue as part of their strand.

3. 3 When you first open a box of building blocks, you can’t immediately see the result of what you’re supposed to build. There are only limited plastic building blocks, but each piece is vital to the entire figure. Each part will make up the whole. That same idea can be used in writing paragraphs, essays, and even research papers. These written outputs are composed of parts, and these parts are the structures essential to the text. Fig. 1. The toy blocks are the foundation for all the buildings and other structures in the mini-city.

4. 4 Write a scenario about the photo with two other students. Each student should write only one part: introduction, middle, or ending.

5. 5 Why should a reader know the essential parts of an academic text? Essential Question

6. Structures of Academic Texts

7. 7 Structures of Paragraphs

8. Structures of Paragraphs are a collection of sentences that deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time. Paragraphs

9. Parts of a paragraph Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding and/or transitional sentences

10. Parts of a paragraph Topic sentence Presents the main point of the paragraph

11. Parts of a paragraph Transitional Sentences Pave the way to the next idea in the next paragraph.

12. Examples of transitional sentences

13. Parts of a paragraph Concluding Sentences Close out the main idea by summing up the main idea.

14. Example of concluding sentences

15. Example of concluding sentences “ In summary , the evidence presented underscores the critical role of early education in shaping children’s future academic success and lifelong learning habits.”

16. Example of a paragraph Weather in Nergos Occidental has been especially fierce this week. It all began on Tuesday when a tornado swept through the Tongo Dam. Wednesday evening another tornado dropped down on the residential area of Zone 2 Payao. Then on Thursday evening, River Falls experienced a torrential rain that flooded the streets. Many are wondering what Negros Occidental will be next.

17. Example of a paragraph Weather in Nergos Occidental has been especially fierce this week. It all began on Tuesday when a tornado swept through the Tongo Dam. Wednesday evening another tornado dropped down on the residential area of Zone 2 Payao. Then on Thursday evening, River Falls experienced a torrential rain that flooded the streets. Many are wondering what Negros Occidental will be next. Topic Sentence

18. Example of a paragraph Weather in Nergos Occidental has been especially fierce this week. It all began on Tuesday when a tornado swept through the Tongo Dam. Wednesday evening another tornado dropped down on the residential area of Zone 2 Payao. Then on Thursday evening, River Falls experienced a torrential rain that flooded the streets. Many are wondering what Negros Occidental will be next. Supporting Sentence

19. Example of a paragraph Weather in Nergos Occidental has been especially fierce this week. It all began on Tuesday when a tornado swept through the Tongo Dam. Wednesday evening another tornado dropped down on the residential area of Zone 2 Payao. Then on Thursday evening, River Falls experienced a torrential rain that flooded the streets. Many are wondering what Negros Occidental will be next. Concluding Sentence

20. Patterns of Development of Paragraphs Illustration Definition Classification Comparison and Contrast Process

21. H ow could knowing the pattern of development be useful in understanding a paragraph?

22. TIP Remember to use transitional sentences to go from one to another in a paragraph.

23. 23 Structure of a Three-Part Essay

24. Structure of a Three-Part Essay A three-part essay is composed of three basic parts: Introduction Body Conclusion

25. introduction The introduction starts off the essay with ideas that will be discussed in the body. The thesis statement is usually found at the end of the introduction, and it can act as a transitional sentence for the body.

26. Question: why do I need a thesis statement?

27. Question: how long should a thesis statement be?

28. Question: where does a thesis go? The introduction

29. introduction Hook Gets the attention, introduces the topic Necessary Background Information Dates, laws, current status, definitions, etc., Thesis Statement States specific topic Be more specific as you go.

30. introduction The introduction comprises around 10-15% of the total essay length. It sets the stage for your argument or discussion.

31. After brainstorming about your topic, you can write your introduction!

32. A thesis statement has three (3) parts: Start with a general statement. Summer is a wonderful season… Uniforms are not necessary… Technology is helpful…

33. A thesis statement has three (3) parts: 2. Add the word: Because Summer is a wonderful season because … Uniforms are not necessary because … Technology is helpful because …

34. A thesis statement has three (3) parts: 3. Then add three (3) details that will support your opinion that will discuss in your essay. Summer is a wonderful season because the weather gets warm, flowers bloom, and baseball starts. Uniforms are not necessary because they are expensive, difficult to clean, and don’t make students unique. Technology is helpful because it makes us efficient, entertains un, and teaches us about thesis statement.

35. Why must the introduction set the tone of the essay?

36. body The body is the main and most substantial part of the entire essay which: Presents evidence to support the thesis statement Can be broken down into parts

37. body The main section of the essay, usually divided in subsections The core of your essay Gives reader the bulk of your information

38. You should do the following: Present research data Analyze data Discuss data thoroughly

39. body The body of the essay is where you develop your main points and arguments. It usually makes up the majority of the essay, often around 70-80% of the total length. This can vary depending on the complexity of your topic and the depth of analysis required.

40. In sum, the body should present the evidence to support your thesis statement.

41. How can the body show the essential details for an essay?

42. Conclusion Restates the thesis statement Wraps up the essay Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic Should not present new material

43. How to restate the thesis statement in the conclusion?

44. Steps in restating the thesis statement in the conclusion: Answer the question “ so what? ” Tell the reader what they should do next. Tell the reader why the topic is so important that they should act now.

45. conclusion The conclusion typically sums up your main points and may suggest implications or further avenues for exploration. It generally occupies around 10% of the total essay length.

46. REMEMBER There is no need to present new information in the conclusion. All supporting details should be discussed in the body.

47. What is the best way to identify the main idea in a three-part essay?

48. 48 Structuring IMRAD

49. I – introduction M – methods R – results a - and D – discussion IMRaD Stands for:

50. Introduction Contains the context of the study and addresses what the study will entail Can include the background of the study rather than an introduction Should include the aim(s) of the study

51. Methods The methods part includes the following: explanation of how aims and research questions were fulfilled and answered methods used to collect data and ways to analyze the said data the research design for the entire study

52. Method It typically occupies around 10-15% of the total length, but can vary depending on the complexity of the methods used.

53. TIP In the IMRaD structure, be precise and concise with the words and language used to present information. Being straightforward is a characteristic of academic writing.

54. Results Objectively presents results from the data collected and analyzed Presents data using charts, figures, and/or tables. It usually takes up the largest portion of the paper, typically around 50% of the total length.

55. discussion Reminds readers of the topic of the study Analyzes and discusses presented results Contains recommendations It generally occupies about 25% of the total length, but this can vary depending on the depth of discussion needed.

56. conclusion Ends the text with a conclusion, which fulfills the aim of the entire study.

57. Structuring IMRaD Example 1 Listening to music may be a positive experience for many junior high school students while they study for major subjects. 57

58. Structuring IMRaD Though there have not been many studies that show a relationship between the two variables, this particular study aimed to determine how junior high school students feel while they listen to particular genres of music while studying for major exams. 58

59. Structuring IMRaD The methods for the research consisted of interviewing JHS students about their experiences, opinions of music, and their study habits. The researchers also utilized a questionnaire given to 20 JHS students. 59

60. Structuring IMRaD Results showed that JHS students felt that listening to music, no matter the genre, was helpful, and there are perceived effects that it helped them do better on the tests academically. Further studies may help confirm a true relationship between listening to music and better study habits. 60

61. Structuring IMRaD Example 2 In the Philippines, there has been a noticeable shift from the use of plastic shopping bags to more environmentally-friendly bags. Eco-bags are bags that can be reused and can include, but are not limited to, canvas bags, paper bags, bayong , and mesh-cloth bags. 61

62. Structuring IMRaD In the study conducted, a survey of 138 college students answered that because the province of Cavite has encouraged the use of eco-bags, a large number of the sample population maximizes the utilization of eco-bags while shopping. 62

63. Structuring IMRaD Significant factors that influenced the respondents include the implementation of the laws and awareness of the harmfulness of plastics to the environment. 63

64. Structuring IMRaD Further studies should explore why other factors, such as promotion of private corporations in the Philippines, are not significant in the utilization of eco-bags for shopping. 64

65. evaluate 65 W hat are the parts of the three-part essay? W hat does IMRaD stand for? W hat are the parts of a paragraph? W hat should the thesis statement do in a three-part essay?

66. What technique did you utilize to compose your paragraph? 66

67. Why is it recommended to use transitional sentences in between paragraphs for the 3-part essay? Question 67

68. Why should an introduction in IMRaD give a background of the study? Question 68

69. What are the different ways to identify cohesion in any kind of written text? Question 69

70. Knowing the structure of an essay can help a reader comprehend the text. Paragraph development and the three-part essay are broken into the following parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. 70

71. The IMRaD structure is broken into the following parts: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. 71

72. 72

73. “The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017. https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/ . “The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/ . “The Structure of Academic Texts .” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic-texts . “Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts . “Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report .