English MODALS_Week-7.pptx power point presentation

English modal week 7

1. MODALS Week 7,Q1

2. What are modal verbs? They are: can could might may must shall should will would ought to They are auxiliary verbs that provide additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence.

3. How do we use modals? S V M Example: Mary could play the piano .

4. Form There is no “s” in singular. There is no “do”/”does” in the question. There is no “ don’t”/doesn't in the negative He can ski He can s ski or He can ski s Would you like to come with me? Do you would like to come with me? They can’t be serious. They don’t can be serious .

5. Form Modal verbs do not have infinitives or – ing form. to can/ caning to must/ musting Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to . She must study. We should have gone the other way. He could play football in his youth. (general ability)

6. Modal verbs do not have all the tenses. Form Modal verbs use other verbs to complete the tenses Can is completed with be able to Must is completed with have to

7. What do they express? They can have more than one meaning depending on the situations. To understand it better we are going to divide them into 3 categories 1. Single concept modal: they have one meaning 2. Double concept modal: they have two meanings 3. Modals in past: They are used to express a situation in the past

8. Categories Single Concept Modals Double Concept Modals Modals in Past Will May Would have Might Must Could have Should Would Might have Ought to Shall Should have Had better could May have can Must have

9. Single Concept Modal Modal Concept Examples Will Future Juan will travel to Hongkong next week. Might Small probability I might move to London some day. Should Recommendation You should go to the dentist. Ought to Formal Recommendation We ought to know about first aids. Had better Warning I had better study, or I will fail the test.

10. Double Concept Modal Modal Concept Examples May (1) Permission May I come in? May (2) Good probability We may visit Baguio this summer. Must (1) Responsibility Everyone must pay taxes. Must (2) Assumption She didn't arrive. She must be sick. Would (1) Past (used to) When I was young, I would play tennis. Would (2) Present unreal I would buy the car, but I can’t afford it.

11. Double Concept Modal Modal Concept Examples Shall (1) Educated Expression offer Excuse me, I shall go now. Shall I clean it? Shall (2) Contractual Obligation The company shall pay on January 1 st . Could (1) Unreal Ability I could go if I had time. Could (2) Past Ability She could play the piano, not anymore. Can (1) Present Ability We can speak English. Can (2) Permission Can I have a sweet?

12. Probability/Possibility Ability Permission Obligation/Advise Offers can I can play the piano. Can I go out tonight? can’t She can’t be her mom, She’s too young. I can’t speak German. Can I borrow the car? No, I can’t. might It might rain tomorrow. could It could rain tomorrow I could already read when I was two. Could I see your passport please, Sir May It may rain tomorrow. May I leave the table? must She must be his sister because they look alike. You must leave before the clock strikes twelve. Have to I have to study tonight. Shall You shall pay on Tuesday. Shall I help you. Should/ought to You should see it, It’s excellent. Had better I had better sleep last night. would Would you like a drink?

13. Modals in the Past They are modals referred to actions that happened in the past. Modals + Have + verb in past participle It must have been a difficult decision. They should have invited her to their wedding.

14. Modal Perfect Uses Examples MUST HAVE +Past Participle We use  Must have + PP  to draw a conclusion about something happened in the past He  must  have got into trouble. Should/ ought to have + Past Participle We use  should have + past participle  to talk about an expectation that something happened , has happened or will happen. He  should  have been home by now. He  should  have got into trouble. May/ Might Have + Perfect Infinitive The structure  may / might + perfect infinitive  is used to talk about the possibility that something happened in the past. It could also be used to say that something was true in the past. Ann hasn’t arrived yet.’ ‘She  may have missed  the train.’ (= It is possible that she missed the train.) ‘ What was that noise?’ ‘It  might have been  an airplane.’ Could Have + Past Participle Could have + past participle means that  something was possible in the past , or you had the ability to do something in the past, but that you didn't do it. I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go to bed early.  Can’t have/Couldn't Have + Past Participle can't have and couldn't have + past participle when we think it's not possible that something happened. She can' t  have driven there. Her car keys are still here. I couldn't have won , so I didn't go in for the race.

15. Modal Perfect Uses Examples Would have   Would have   has two common structures.   The first is with  b ut . a structure to show that you wanted to do something in the past, but you could not. Would have   also forms the result clause of a past unreal conditional. You can always reverse conditional sentences. If  would have   comes first, there is no comma. I would have called, but there was no phone service. If I had known they were  vegetarians , I would have made a salad. I would have made a salad if I had known they were vegetarians . Should have/shouldn't have The structure  should have  and  shouldn’t have  is used to reflect, show empathy or regret. He  should have gone  to bed early instead of playing video games with his friends. He  shouldn’t have hung  around with his friends every day instead of studying . Need not have/needn't have The modal verb need has  no  past tense, but it can be used in the pattern need not have/needn't have followed by a past participle, to show that although someone did something, it was not necessary and even a waste of time. You needn't have waited for me. Martha worked all the weekend to finish her assignment on time, but she  needn’t have done   so.

16. so, that ends our lesson today…

17. See you next week! Keep safe everyone!

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