Entrepreneurship Chapter Two - Moodle.pptx

Entrepreneurship Chapter Two - Moodle.pptx

1. Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind: From Ideas to Reality Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall CHAPTER 2

2. Creativity and Innovation Creativity – the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities; thinking new things Find problems resulting in opportunity Thinking new ways Innovation – the ability to apply creative solutions to problems or opportunities to enhance or to enrich people’s lives; doing new things. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 2

3. Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship – the result of a disciplined, systematic process of applying creativity and innovation to the needs and opportunities in the marketplace. Entrepreneurs connect their creative ideas with the purposeful action and structure of a business. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 3

4. Can We Learn to Be Creative? Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 4 By overcoming paradigms and by suspending conventional thinking long enough to consider new and different alternatives! Yes!

5. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 5

6. Left Vs Right Hand Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 6 A person who is "left-brained" is often said to be more logical, analytical, and objective While a person who is "right-brained" is said to be more intuitive, thoughtful, and subjective.

7. Right-Brained, Creative Thinkers Always ask: “Is there a better way?” Challenge custom, routine, and tradition. Realize that there may be more than one “right” answer. Understand that failure is a natural part of the creative process. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 7

8. Left-Brained or Right-Brained? Entrepreneurship requires both left-and right-brained thinking. Right-brained thinking draws on divergent reasoning, the ability to create a multitude of original, diverse ideas. Left-brained thinking counts on convergent reasoning, the ability to evaluate multiple ideas and to choose the best solution to a problem. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 8

9. Questions to Spur the Imagination Is there a new way to do it? Can you borrow or adapt it? Can you give it a new twist? Do you merely need more of the same? Do you need less of the same? Give example of each! Acceleration of UPH Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 9

10. Questions to Spur the Imagination Is there a substitute? Can you rearrange the parts? What if you do just the opposite? Can you combine ideas? Can you put it to other uses? Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 10 (continued)

11. Questions to Spur the Imagination What else could you make from this? Are there other markets for it? Can you reverse it? Can you eliminate it? Can you put it to another use? What idea seems impossible, but if executed, would revolutionize your business? 2 - 11 Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind (continued)

12. Tips for Enhancing Organizational Creativity Include creativity as a core company value Embrace diversity Expect creativity Expect and tolerate failure Create an organizational structure that nourishes creativity Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 12

13. Tips for Enhancing Organizational Creativity Encourage curiosity Create a change of scenery periodically View problems as opportunities Provide creativity training Provide support Develop a procedure for capturing ideas Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 13 (continued)

14. Tips for Enhancing Organizational Creativity Talk and interact with customers Look for uses for your company’s products or services in other markets Reward creativity Model creative behavior Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 14

15. Tips for Enhancing Individual Creativity Allow yourself to be creative Give your mind fresh input every day Observe the products and services of other companies, especially those in completely different markets Recognize the creative power of mistakes Notice what is missing Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 15

16. Tips for Enhancing Individual Creativity Keep a journal to record your thoughts and ideas Listen to other people Listen to customers Talk to a child Do something ordinary in an unusual way Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 16

17. Tips for Enhancing Individual Creativity Keep a toy box in your office Do not throw away seeming “bad” ideas Read books on stimulating creativity or take a class on creativity Take some time off Be persistent Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 17

18. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 18 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

19. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 19 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

20. Preparation Get your mind ready for creative thinking. Adopt the attitude of a lifelong student. Read … a lot … and not just in your field of expertise. Clip articles of interest to you and save them. Take time to discuss your ideas with other people. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 20

21. Preparation Get your mind ready for creative thinking. Join professional or trade associations and attend their meetings. Study other countries and their cultures. Travel to new places. Develop your listening skills. Eliminate creative distractions. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 21

22. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 22 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

23. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 23 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

24. Transformation Involves viewing both the similarities and the differences among the information collected. Two types of thinking are required: Convergent – the ability to see the similarities and the connections among various and often diverse data and events. Divergent – the ability to see the differences among various data and events. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 24

25. Transformation How can you transform information into purposeful ideas? Grasp the “big picture” by looking for patterns that emerge. Rearrange the elements of the situation. Use synectics , taking two seeming nonsensical ideas and combining them. Remember that several approaches can be successful. If one fails, jump to another. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 25

26. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 26 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

27. Incubation Allow your subconscious to reflect on the information collected. Walk away from the situation. Take the time to daydream. Relax – and play – regularly. Dream about the problem or opportunity. Work on the problem in a different environment. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 27

28. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 28 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

29. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 29 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

30. Verification Validate the idea as accurate and useful. Is it really a better solution? Will it work? Is there a need for it? If so, what is the best application of this idea in the marketplace? Does this product or service fit into our core competencies? How much will it cost to produce or to provide? Can we sell it at a reasonable price that will produce a profit? Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 30

31. The Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 31 Preparation Investigation Transformation Incubation Illumination Verification Implementation

32. Techniques for Improving the Creative Process Brainstorming: The goal is to create a large quantity of novel and imaginative ideas. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 32

33. Diskusi Kelas 1 Jelaskan kemenarikan dari usaha bisnis yang dipilih 2 Jelaskan kondisi persaingan yang ada 3 siapa target pasar yang ingin dijangkau 4 apa keunggulan kompetitif maupun perbedaan dengan para pesaing resiko apa yang paling anda khawatirkan 6 jelaskan secara singkat utk kebutuhan permodalan Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 33

34. Brainstorming Guidelines Keep the group small – “Two pizza rule.” Make the group as diverse as possible. Emphasize that company rank is irrelevant. Have a well-defined problem, but don’t reveal it ahead of time. Limit the session to 40 to 60 minutes. Take a field trip. Appoint a recorder. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 34

35. Brainstorming Guidelines Use a seating pattern that encourages interaction. Throw logic out the window. Encourage all ideas from the team. Shoot for quantity of ideas over quality of ideas. Forbid criticism. Encourage idea “hitch-hiking.” Dare to imagine the unreasonable. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 35

36. Techniques for Improving the Creative Process Brainstorming The goal is to create a large quantity of novel and imaginative ideas. Mind-mapping A graphical technique that encourages thinking on both sides of the brain, visually displays relationships among ideas, and improves the ability to see a problem from many sides. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 36

37. Techniques for Improving the Creative Process Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 37 Force Field Analysis A useful technique for evaluating the forces that support and oppose a proposed change. Three columns: Center: Problem to be addressed Left: Driving forces Right: Restraining forces Score each force (-1 to +4) and add them.

38. Ch. 2: Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind 2 - 38 FIGURE 2.2 Sample Force Field Analysis