environment and ecology

study about ecology

1. 12/29/2015 Confidential 1 Source: ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

2. Environment The physical, chemical and biological presence of living and non-living things outside an individual species is called as its environment. Environment is derived from the French word Environner , which means to encircle or surround.

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4. ENVIRONMENT BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT (BIOSPHERE) ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT Biotic environment includes assembly of plants, animals and microbes

5. Abiotic components are physical factors and physiochemical substances (light, heat, wind, moisture, tide, solar energy, pH, soil, topography minerals etc.)

6. What is Environmental Science? The study of how human beings interact with their environment Our environment is everything that surrounds us, both natural and man-made.

7. Man & His Environment Only 100 years ago no one owned a car, or computer or even a television. The world population of humans was about 1,500,000,000. In 1900, houses were still heated with coal or wood, there was no electricity and clothes were washed by hand in a large tub.

8. Seven Billion Reasons to Save it One planet is gasping for Fresh air and fresh water Shrinking of Forests Spreading Deserts Contaminated Soil & Water Rising levels of Green House Gases Global warming Depletion of Ozone Layer PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT SAVE THE PLANET EARTH One Planet One Home

9. Need of the study Need to change the way in which we view our own environment, using a practical approach based on observation and self learning .

10. Imparting Environmental Education on conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, and other global, national and local level environmental problems. Need to create a concern for our environment that will trigger pro-environmental action.

11. The subject covers Introduction to Environment studies, Natural resources and their uses. The Ecosystems, concepts of food chain and food web and types of ecosystem. Biodiversity, levels, values, threats and conservation Types of Environmental pollutions, causes and control measures . Global warming, Acid Rains, Ozone layer Depletion, Environmental Acts, EIA

12. Environment serves Ecological & Economic Medicinal Tourism Social, Cultural Energy resources Natural Resources, Biodiversity Aesthetic value

13. SCOPE Creates awareness among the people Provides the knowledge about ecological systems Provides information and threats on biodiversity at various levels. Enables to understand the causes and consequences of natural disasters and follow up measures. Enables to evaluate alternative responses to environmental issues. Enables environmentally literate citizens To know the environmental acts, rights, rules, legislations, etc .

14. Exposes the problems of over pollution & role of science and technology in eliminating /minimizing the evils from the society. Identify and develop appropriate and indigenous, eco-friendly skills and technologies of various environmental issues. Need for sustainable utilization of natural resources, which are inherited from the ancestors. Enables theoretical knowledge into practice and the multiple uses of environment.

15. Environmental Studies – multidisciplinary nature

16. Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Science Life Sciences: Biology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Biotechnology etc., to understanding the biotic components and their interactions and applied as tools for emerging problems. Physical Sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Earth Science, Atmospheric science, Oceanography, geography etc. to understand the basic concepts and abiotic components of environment. Civil Engineering : Chemical Engineering, Hydraulics, Nanotechnology etc to control the pollution and waste water treatment. Economics, Sociology, Law, Education, management, Mass communication etc useful for solutions to day to day problems. Mechanics, statistics, Computer science etc for research, Analysis and effective management of environment.

17. 12/29/2015 Source: Confidential 17 Environmental Summits 5 th June, 1972 Stockholm, Environmental Issues Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1992 (Earth Summit) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 2002 (World Summit) Johannesburg on Sustainable Development, 2009, Climate Conference in Copenhagen,

18. 12/29/2015 Source: Confidential 18 Concept of Ecomark In 1991, Government of India introduced Earthen Pitcher as ECOMARK for eco friendly products.

19. 12/29/2015 Source: Confidential 19 World Wetlands Day - Feb, 2 nd World Forest Day – March, 21 World Water Day – March, 22 World Health Day- April, 7 Earth Day – April, 22 World Biodiversity Day – May 22 World Environment Day - June 5 World Population Day - July 11 International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer - September 16 Green Consumer Day- September 28 Wildlife week-October1-7 World Food Day-October 16 World planting day - October 22 World Aids Day- December 1 Important Environmental Days

20. 12/29/2015 Source: Confidential 20 Environmental Movements in India CHIPKO MOVEMENT : S tarted in 1973 in Chamoli district of Uttranchal , against deforestation. NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN : Movement against building multi-purpose dam over Narmada river SILENT VALLEY MOVEMENT : M ovement against a hydro-electric project on the river Kuthipuzha , atributory at Preiyar river. BALIYAPAL MOVEMENT :Movement against testing of missiles on the land of Baliyal villagers which may lead to interfertitlity of soil. BISHNOI MOVEMENT : S tarted in 400 years ago by a Sage known as Sombaji . in Rajasthan, a large number of trees are still worshiped by devotees. people resisted the cutting of such tree & advocated movement against deforestation.

21. Environmental Protection Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Public awareness Environmental Institutions in India

22. Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Mumbai 400 023, India. Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] www.bnhs.org Bombay Natural History Society Major contribution on Wildlife research. Largest and oldest environmental NGO in the subcontinent engaged in the conservation of nature and natural resources, education and research in natural history, with members in 30 countries. Helped the Indian Government to frame wildlife related laws. Organized Save the Silent Valley Campaign Hornbill, Journal on Natural History Publications Founded in 1883

23. World Wide Fund for Nature WWF-India, Secretariat, New Delhi (IN) Main Office Phone: [phone] http://www.wwfindia.org/ World Wide Fund for Nature -India WWF-India started as a wildlife conservation organization. Started at Mumbai and now the head quarter is at New Delhi. Branch offices are at all over India. The main objective is to ensure the conservation of the country's wildlife and wild habitats, wildlife education and awareness. Nature clubs for School Children Founded in 1969 WWF-I

24. Centre for Science and Environment 41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi-110062, Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone] http://www.cseindia.org/ Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) Activities: Organizing campaigns, holding workshops and conferences and producing environment – related publications. Publications: State of India’s Environment – Citizen’s report on Environment Down to Earth – fortnightly magazine on Science and Environment Gober times – Environment for beginners Books, Posters, Video films Founded in 1980

25. C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre The C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation No.1, Eldams Road, Alwarpet , Chennai - 600 018, Tamil Nadu Phone: 044 - 24341778 Fax: 91 - 44 – 24320756 http://cpreec.org/ Estl. in 1988 To conduct verities of programs to spread environmental awareness and create an interest in conservation among the general public. Focus is on NGO’s, teachers, women, youth and children To conserve nature and natural resources. Programs on wildlife and biodiversity issues. Publishes large no. of books. (CPR-EEC)

26. Centre for Environment Education (CEE) Thaltej Tekra 380 054 Ahmedabad Phone:(+91) 79 - 2685 8002 http://www.ceeindia.org/ Wide range on Environmental programmes Produces varieties of Educational Material Training in Environmental Education (TEE) program has trained many environmental educators. Centre for Environment Education (CEE) Established in 1989.

27. Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research (BVIEER), Pune , Maharashtra Katraj-Dhankawadi Campus, Pune-Satara Road, Pune , Maharashtra, [phone], http://environment.bharatividyapeeth.edu/. Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research (BVIEER), Part of Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University. This institute has a Ph.D , Masters and Bachelors program in Environmental Sciences. Offers an innovative diploma in Envt . Education for in- Service teachers Envt . Education f rom Primary school level to PG level. Conducts fortnightly Envt . Education programs. Main focus is on Biodiversity conservation Established in 1993.

28. Uttarakhand Environmental Education Centre Jakhan Devi, Mall Road Almora 263601 Uttarakhand , India Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] [email protected] http://www.ueec.org.in                                  Uttarakhand Seva Nidhi (UKSN) A nodal agency Provides grants to NGOs on Envt related activities Organising training on Site specific Environmental Education Workbook programmes Main aim is Sustainable resource use at the village level Coves 500 schools on Environmental Education. Established in 1987 .

29. Kalpavriksh Pune Address: Flat no 5, 2nd Floor, Shri Dutta Krupa, 908, Deccan Gymakhana, Pune 411004, India Phone No: [phone], 25675450 Fax: [phone] Email: [email protected] http://www.kalpavriksh.org/ KALPAVRIKSH is a non profit organisation working on environmental and social issues. They operate mostly out of Pune and Delhi. Talks, Audio-Visuals in Schools, Nature Walks, Out Station Camps, Student envt . ralleys , Consumer awareness – organic food etc Site specific environmental manuals for teachers One among those to develop India’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan- 2003 • Education and Awareness • Research and Investigation • Direct action & Lobbying • Litigation with regard to Envt and Dev. Established in 1979 .

30. Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore – 641 108 Tamil Nadu (INDIA) e-mail : [email protected] Website : www.sacon.org Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History An autonomous organization is a national centre for studies in Ornithology and Natural History. The centre was named befittingly after Dr. Sálim Ali in appreciation of his life long services to India's bird life and conservation of natural resources. SACON was dedicated to the nation on February 11, 2000 by the Honourable Minister for Environmaent and Forests, Government of India, Mr. T.R. Baalu. It is also dealing with bird life and natural resources conservation, forests etc. It also sets up field stations to meet the requirements of various research projects. (SACON) Founded in 1990

31. Post Box #18, Chandrabani Dehradun - 248001 Uttarakhand , India E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone] http://www.wii.gov.in Training to Forest officials and Wild lifers It has EIA Cell Offers training program, academic courses and advisory in wildlife research and management. Conducts training programmers on Ecodevelopment , Wildlife biology, habitat management and Nature interpretation Established in 1982 Publication: Planning a Wildlife Protected Area Network for India (Rodgers & Panwar, 1988) (WII)

32. Botanical Survey of India CGO Complex, 3rd MSO Building, Block F(5th & 6th Floor), DF Block, Sector I, Salt lake City, Kolkata – 700 064 Phone No.: [phone](Director) Fax No.: [phone] http://164.100.52.111/ Established in 1890 ----Nine Regional Centres Exploration, inventorying and documentation of phytodiversity Publication of National, State and District Floras. Identification of Red list species and species rich areas needing conservation; Ex-situ conservation of critically threatened taxa in botanical gardens Publication: Books : 187 Periodicals, Journals, Newsletters on Flora (BSI)

33. To work on Taxonomy and Ecology of the fauna Collection of “Type Specimens” for studying animal life over years. One of the largest collections in Asia The Survey had its genesis in the establishment of the Zoological Section of the Indian Museum at Calcutta in 1875. The Survey undertakes no regular teaching but from time to time holds Conferences and Symposia, Training Courses, Workshops and Colloquia . http://zsi.gov.in/ Established in 1916 --- 16 Regional centers

34. Madras Crocodile Bank Trust Centre for Herpetology, Post Bag No 4, Mamallapuram-603 104, Tamil Nadu, S. India Ph: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [email protected] http://www.madrascrocodilebank.org/Aboutus.htm Madras Crocodile Bank Trust Established in 1976 The first Crocodile Conservation Breeding Centre in Asia. Conservation and propagation of Endangered reptiles. Over 1500 Crocodiles and Hundreds of Eggs were supplied to Forest Dept. Started first Sea Turtle survey in Asia Environmental Education programmes – villagers, Schools, Resource persons In 1992 Andaman & Nicobar Environmental Team (ANET) started for surveys Publications: Journal-Hamadryad Newsletter- Herpinstance & Pitstop 5 books (MCBT) Madras Crocodile Bank Trust (MCBT)

35. Rachel Carson Effect of pesticides on Nature and Man kind Book – Silent Spring ---led to change in Govt Policy and Public Awareness People in Environment

36. E.O.Wilson . Entomologist Biodiversity is a key to Human Survival Book – Diversity of Life in 1993 Awarded best book on Envt issues

37. Dr.Salim ali Ornithologist Bird man of India Worked in BNHS Wrote several books on Birds 1. Book of Indian Birds 2. Fall of Sparrow Made several envt . policies

38. Indira Gandhi Politician As PM played significant role in the preservation of India’s Wildlife Protect Area Network grown from 65 to 298 Indian Wildlife Protection Act formulated during her period

39. S.P.Godrej Supporter of Wildlife conservation and Nature Awareness Received 10 awards for his conservation activities Awarded Padma Bhushan in 1999

40. M.S.Swaminathan Agricultural Scientist Father of Indian Green Revolution Worked on Conservation of Biodiversity Started MS Swaminathan Research Foundation in Chennai

41. Madhav Gadgil Ecologist Developing Community Biodiversity Registers Conserving Sacred Grooves Studies on Mammals, Birds & Insects Wrote 6 books and Editor for Lifescapes of peninsular India

42. M. C. Mehta Environmental Lawyer Filed several public interest litigations Protecting the Taj mahal Cleaning the River Ganga Banning intensive shrimp farming in coastal areas Initiating government to environmental education in schools & Colleges

43. Anil Agarwal Journalist Wrote a book on State of India’s Environment -1982 Founder of CSE

44. Medha Patkar Narmada Bachavo Fight against construction of DAMs on Narmada River to protect the tribal communities

45. Sunderlal Bahuguna Chipko movement Successful conservation action programme by protecting the forest resources through local people. Fight against construction of TEHRI DAM

46. Wangari Maathai Wangari Maathai founded the Green Belt movement in Kenya in 1977, which has planted more than 10 million trees to prevent soil erosion and provide firewood for cooking fires first woman in central or eastern Africa to hold a Ph.D., first woman head of a university department in Kenya, first African woman to win the Nobel Prize in Peace during 2004