Environment and human interaction

Environment and Human Interaction

1. MP 153 Applied Chemistry Dr. Misbah Sultan

2. Contents

3. Class topic Control of atm. pollution 1 Env & human Control of water pollution 2 ….. Control of soil pollution 3 Sources of air poll Env . Legislation national 4 Plan of class Env . Legislation international 5 Sources of water poll Case studies 6 Sources of soil poll Case studies 7 Health and safety Discussion 8 Hazards at work

4. Class topic Mining 1 Paper Fuel extraction and refining 2 Dairy Food processing units 3 Cement Pharmaceutical units 4 Glass Polymer processing units 5 Leather Pharma industry 6 Textile Chemical industry 7 Sugar Hazardous waste 8

5. The Environment and Human Interaction

6. “Human Environmental Interactions can be defined as interactions between the human social system and (the “rest” of) the ecosystem” Human social systems and ecosystems are complex adaptive systems (Marten, 2001). Complex because ecosystems and human social systems have many parts and many connections between these parts. Adaptive because they have feedback structures that promote survival in a constantly changing environment. The Environment and Human Interaction

7. Coevolution and Coadaptation The terms coevolution and coadaptation describe the never-ending process of  mutual adjustment  and change between human social systems and the environment. Peoples actions have consequences on the environment. But also the environment influences human activities. Human social systems have to adapt to their specific environment. Natural phenomena like storms, earthquakes force people to react. These natural phenomena can either be directly or not primarily caused by human actions and again influence human behaviour as people have to respond to a new situation.

8. The Environment and Human Interaction The way people depend on the environment  for food, water, timber, natural gas etc. The way people adpat the environment  to fulfill their own needs e.g. deforestation for housing etc. The way people modify the environment  positively or negatively like drilling holes, building dams, preserving endanger species etc.

9. 1. The use of natural resources People use different kinds of natural reserves for a continued existence a ir timber, metals, oil food clothes water e nergy etc.

10. 2. Deforestation  Too much misuse of natural resources ……  It happens when forests get cut down and the trees are not replaced or permitted to grow back. It has many adverse effect such as   decreases biodiversity  which is essential for human beings since they use other living organisms in providing a number of requirements such as: Food : plants such as wheat, rice and maize and animals such as fish, chicken and cows are used as sources of food. Medication:  A lot of customary medicines are extracted from plants and animals, brand new ones are developed from them. Ecological processes : Organisms such as micro-organisms have a crucial role of maintaining the ecosystem by decomposing wastes

11. 3. Energy resources Using of renewable or non-renewable sources  demonstrate human environmental interaction as the energy is used to power transport and communication systems, electrical equipment, and our homes as well as offices . Non-Renewable:   use of fossil fuels  is the major reason for the climate modification. Renewable: solar power  

12. 4. Oil and gas Oil & gas drilling and Oil spills  have huge impact on environment drilling generates waste substances (specially Offshore) that when they get into the water, end up poisoning aquatic animals. The possibility of getting injured and succumbing to death is always there while drilling for oil. Countless people have ended up dying from storms and drilling accidents. Accidental Spills interrupt transportation and injure inhabitants, when birds get oiled they lose their potential of hunting for food enabling their survival. Spills also expose individuals to seafood that is not safe for consumption.

13. 5. Water resources The use of water resources highly signifies human environmental interaction. Water has a lot of uses, from domestic to agricultural and in industrial processes. The rising demand in water is leading to unsustainable use of water sources. Recycling of water means it gets replenished, but taking extreme quantities of water from water bodies for use whether domestically, agricultural or industrial reduces the percentage of water accessible for present and upcoming generations. Universally, withdrawals of water have tripled over the decades because of the growing population and also the rise in usage per individual.

14. 8. Littering Litter  has a lot of negative effects; it can cause the interference of water paths. Dumping of plastics improperly causes them to flow towards water paths following heavy rainfall and gradually end up in drainage pipes and sewer ways. After some time, the  litter  ends up clogging up the filters placed in the pipes, consequently, the pipes end up bursting. Another effect is that it gives disease vectors grounds for hiding, breeding and multiplying. Eventually, the vectors increases in numbers, spreading diseases to animals and humans.

15. How we can protect and restore our environment??? A POSITIVE MESSAGE Humans not only affect the environment negatively – we can also contribute positively to sustaining it e.g. install wastewater treatment plants , protect endangered species and replant forests.