Environment Ecological Principles Geography

List of Ecological Principles

1. UPSC CSE भूगोल (वैकल्पिक) विषय पाठ्यक्रम ( सचिन अरोड़ा ) Environmental Geography / पर्यावरणीय भूगोल Ecological Principles & Adaptation पारिस्थितिक सिद्धांत एवं अनुकूलन

2. Stockholm Declaration Principles Conservation and Protection centric : Principle 4: Wildlife Conservation Principle 6: Management of pollution Principle 7: Management of sea pollution Principle 22: Compensation to Victims Human Capacity Building centric : Principle 1: Rights and Responsibilities for protecting the environment. Principle 15: Human settlement and Urbanization . Principle 18: Application of science Principle 19: Education in environmental matters Principle 20: Expanding scientific research

3. Stockholm Declaration Principles संरक्षण और संरक्षण केन्द्रित : सिद्धांत 4 : वन्यजीव संरक्षण सिद्धांत 6: प्रदूषण का प्रबंधन सिद्धांत 7: समुद्री प्रदूषण का प्रबंधन सिद्धांत 22: पीड़ितों को मुआवजा मानव क्षमता निर्माण केन्द्रित : सिद्धांत 1: पर्यावरण की रक्षा के लिए अधिकार और जिम्मेदारियाँ । सिद्धांत 15: मानव बस्ती और शहरीकरण । सिद्धांत 18: विज्ञान का अनुप्रयोग सिद्धांत 19 : पर्यावरणीय मामलों में शिक्षा सिद्धांत 20 : वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान का विस्तार

4. Stockholm Declaration Principles Sustainable development centric: Principle 2: Duty to protect natural resources Principle 3: Duty to preserve renewable resources Principle 5: Duty to preserve non-renewable resources Principle 8: Social and Economic development Principle 13: Rational Management of Resources Principle 14: Rational Planning Principle 16: Population Control Principle 21: Respect of customary international law Principle 24: Cooperation with nations Principle 25: Coordination with nations

5. Stockholm Declaration Principles Other principles Principle 9: Aid and Technology Transfer to remedy Environmental Deficiencies  Principle 10: Stability of prices and incomes  Principle 11: Environmental Policy Principle 12: Resources allocation to preserve and improve environment   Principle 17: Setting up of national institutions Principle 23: Implementing a national agenda Principle 26: Ban on nuclear weapons 

6. 1972 : Maurice Strong is elected as first head of UNEP. After successfully leading the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the UN General Assembly elects  Strong , a Canadian, as UNEP’s  first Executive Director . He led UNEP until 1975 The first meeting of the  Governing Council of UNEP  takes place in the Palais des Nations, Geneva , in June 1973. In 1975 , UNEP moves to a new location on the site of an old coffee farm on the outskirts of Nairobi , where it remains to this day.

7. About IMO   IMO's work to protect our oceans goes beyond the ships,by regulating the prevention of pollution from dumping at wastes at sea, including climate change mitigation options such as carbon capture and storage. This is done through two treaties known as the London Convention and Protocol.  IMO understands the need for special protection in some areas because of ecological, socio-economic or scientific significance. Special areas and particularly sensitive sea areas (PSSA) are designated to ensure higher levels of protection from shipping activities  IMO is also working to reduce marine plastic litter and to mitigate against invasive aquatic species. IMO also works to protect marine mammals from ship strikes and reduce underwater noise from ships. IMO is also playing an active role in other environmental cooperation mechanisms in the UN, such as UN-Oceans and the UN Environment Management Group (UN EMG).

8. 1973 : Known as MARPOL,  the treaty  imposes strict rules on the shipping industry, helping to prevent spills and pollution from routine operations. The treaty is administered by the International Maritime Organization , which would become a key partner in UNEP efforts to prevent marine pollution. Means to transport more than 80% of global trade by volume. Shipping is a key user of the oceans, delivering essential goods and commodities, taking ferry passengers to their destinations and carrying millions of tourists on cruises. 

9. Q. Consider the following MARPOL related statements : MARPOL was first adopted in 1973 with annexes covering the prevention of all types of pollution from ships. The convention was expanded in 1997 to regulate air pollution and emissions from ships. Codes: 1 only only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2  

10. Q. Which of the following is correct about a PSSA UNEP designates special marine areas as Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs ). There are currently 15 areas (plus two extensions) protected areas in this way. Codes: 1 only only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2

11. IMO has a process to designate Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs ), which are subject to associated protective measures such as mandatory ship-routeing systems. There are currently 15 areas (plus two extensions) protected in this way, including those covering UNESCO World Heritage Marine Sites, such as the Great Barrier Reef (Australia), the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (United States), and the Wadden Sea (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands). This long-established practice of designating Special Areas and PSSAs fully supports the SDG 14 target to increase coverage of marine protected areas .

12. Q. Which of the following is correct about the GloLitter Project? IMO and the UNEP have launched the GloLitter project, to help shipping and fisheries move to a low-plastics future. GloLitter will assist developing countries to identify opportunities to prevent and reduce marine plastic litter. Codes: 1 only only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2

13. IMO and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have launched the GloLitter project, with initial funding for the project from the Government of Norway, to help shipping and fisheries move to a low-plastics future. GloLitter will assist developing countries to identify opportunities to prevent and reduce marine plastic litter, including plastic litter, from within the maritime transport and fisheries sectors, and to decrease the use of plastics in these industries, including identifying opportunities to re-use and recycle plastics. GloFouling partnerships project : IMO is executing the GEF-UNDP-IMO GloFouling Partner project to address the transfer of harmful aquatic species through biofouling in some of the developing regions of the world

14. 1973 : States adopt the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) A cornerstone of international conservation efforts, the accord would come to regulate, and in some cases ban, the trade of more than 38,000 animals and plants, including some of the planet’s most endangered species. CITES became a UNEP-administered multilateral environmental agreement in 1984. ( CoP 19)Nineteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties of CITES Panama City, Panama 14 - 25 November 2022. CoP20 will be held in 2025 . (Host yet to be finalised) 03 March. World Wildlife Day 2024 This year's theme is, "Connecting People and Planet: Exploring Digital Innovation in Wildlife Conservation."

15. Which of the following is correct about CITES ? CITES is an international, legally binding instrument for its members. It is a powerful tools for wildlife conservation through the regulation of trade. CITES has a permit system that allows international trade in listed species. Codes: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All the above  

16. CITES was signed in Washington D.C. on 3 March 1973 and entered into force on 1 July 1975. CITES is an international, legally binding instrument that must be implemented and enforced by the 184 Parties (183 countries and the European Union) that have agreed to be bound by it . CITES regulates international trade in over 38,000 species of plants and animals, including their products and derivatives, to ensure their survival in the wild with benefits for the livelihoods of local people and the global environment. More than 30 percent of the world’s tree species are at risk of extinction and international trade in more than 500 tree species is regulated under CITES. With 184 Parties, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) remains one of the world's most powerful tools for wildlife conservation through the regulation of trade. Thousands of species are internationally traded and used by people in their daily lives for food, health care, housing, tourist souvenirs, cosmetics or fashion.   The CITES permit system seeks to ensure that international trade in listed species is sustainable, legal and traceable and contributes to both the livelihoods of the communities that live closest to them and to national economies for a healthy planet and the prosperity of the people in support of UN Sustainable Development Goals.          

17. Earth Day : Earth Day is celebrated annually on April 22nd . It serves as a reminder of the importance of environmental protection and sustainability . Started on April 22, 1970. In 2024, the theme "Planet vs. Plastics" underscores the imperative for collaborative efforts to restore ecosystems, address climate change, and safeguard biodiversity. D emanding a 60% reduction in the production of  ALL  plastics by 2040.  R apidly phase out all single use plastics, urgently push for a strong UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution . Sustainable fashion  refers to a clothing supply chain that is ecologically and socially responsible.  The fashion industry produces  100 billion  garments a year and 87% ( 40 million tons ) end up in a landfill  where they smolder and pollute the air  or an incinerator. Only  1% of all discarded clothing is actually recycled .    Most major industries are highly regulated.  But the fashion industry, one of the largest manufacturing industries on the planet, is  almost entirely   unregulated .  

18. 1974 World Environment Day makes its debut The world celebrates the first  World Environment Day   organized by UNEP on 5 June ( the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the human environment .) under the theme “Only One Earth.” World Environment Day was first observed in 1974 in the USA. Since then, the day has been commemorated annually, raising awareness about critical environmental issues , and galvanizing action and commitment from member states . The theme for World Environment Day 2021 was ‘Ecosystem Restoration ’ and Pakistan will be the global host for the big day. This day will also see the launch of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration . WED 2024 : In 2024, WED focuses on land restoration, desertification and drought resilience ( भूमि पुनर्स्थापन, मरुस्थलीकरण और सूखा लचीलापन ) under the slogan “ Our land. Our future. We are GenerationRestoration .” The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will host the 2024 World Environment Day global celebrations. 

19. Q. Which of the following is true about World Environment Day (WED) 2024? It marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of UNEP as an outcome of the Stockholm Conference. The host country for 2024 is Saudi Arabia. “Only One Earth” is the motto for 2024. Codes: 1 and 2 Only 2 1 and 3 All the above विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस ( WED) 2024 के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा सत्य है ? यह स्टॉकहोम सम्मेलन के परिणामस्वरूप यूएनईपी की स्थापना की 50वीं वर्षगांठ है । 2024 का मेजबान देश सऊदी अरब है । " केवल एक पृथ्वी" 2024 का आदर्श वाक्य है।