ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING Presentation.pptx

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1. Environmental auditing Introduction Background Detailed Definitions Areas of environmental auditing Types of audits Environmental auditing procedures Audit protocols, methods and tools Environmental Auditing and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) ISO 14001 Case study The benefits of auditing

2. ‹#› Environmental audit (ICC) Pre-audit activities Select and schedule facility to audit Select audit team members Plan the audit First meeting Activities at site Identify and understand management control systems Assess strengths and weaknesses Gather audit evidence Evaluate audit finding s Post-audit activities Issue draft report Issue final report Follow-up on action plan Report findings to facility

3. ‹#› How to interview Encourage the auditees to answer make open questions learn to listen: give your complete attention do not give advice, agree or disagree, criticise or interrupt Dig out information claim for evidence, examples, explanation make "what if…" scenarios Ask 'suppose' questions to introduce a new idea or to bring up a overlooked point Try to return the question Restate the main point, using the exact words

4. METHODS OF ENV AUDIT It includes the details of project characterization and base-line environmental characteristics to ensure the identification of full range of environmental impacts. • Various methods employed for impact identification are as follows: • (a) Checklists • (b) Matrices • (c) Quantitative Method

5. Impact Identification . • (a) Checklists : These are based on enlisting of specific environmental, social, biological and economic factors affecting the environment. Checklists can be simple, descriptive or questionnaire based. • (b ) Matrices : This is most common type of impact identification method. Here the impacts are arranged in rows and columns i.e., like a matrix.

6. Matrices • Simple Matrix • 2-dimensional in nature • environmental component on one axis and developmental actions on the other axis. • Time Dependent Matrix • time-scale of impacts is taken • Magnitude Matrix, • the magnitude of impact is also denoted in the matrix by putting symbols. • Leopold Matrix • consists of a horizontal list of 100 project actions and a vertical list of 88 environmental components. • Magnitude of the impact and importance of the impact are shown on a scale varying from 1 to 10 .

7. LEOPOLD MATRIX The Leopold matrix is the best known matrix methodology available for predicting the impact of a project on the environment. It is a two dimensional matrix cross-referencing: the activities linked to the project that are supposed to have an impact on man and the environment. the existing environmental and social conditions that could possibly be affected by the project. The activities linked to the project are listed on one axis: raw material production, building construction, water supply, energy supply, raw material preparation, pulp and paper mills processing, gaseous emissions, liquid effluents, cooling water discharges, noise, solid wastes treatment and disposal, transportation. The environmental and social conditions are listed on the other axis, and divided in three major groups: physical conditions: soil, water, air…, biological conditions: fauna, flora, ecosystems…, social and cultural conditions: land use, historical and cultural issues, populations, economy … The Leopold matrix proposes a three-step process to estimate the impact:

8. STEPS OF LEOPOLD MATRIX The Leopold matrix proposes a three-step process to estimate the impact: First step   : for all the interactions considered significant by the authors, the first step is to mark the corresponding boxes in the matrix with a diagonal line. Second step  : once the boxes with supposed significant interactions are slashed, the author evaluates each box by applying a number from 1 to 10 (1 is the minimum and 10 the maximum) to register the magnitude of the interaction. This number is transferred to the upper left hand corner. It represents the scale of the action and its theoretical extent. Third step  : the final step for this method is to mark (from 1 to 10), in the lower right hand corner, the real importance of the phenomenon for the given project. It then gives an evaluation of the extent of the environmental impact according to the assessor's judgement. Once the matrix is established the EIA gives a precise description of each important impact in the matrix (with the larger numerical values for magnitude and importance). The discussion must also address columns and rows with large numbers of interactions. They show activities, or elements, in connection with the environment which are particularly significant or sensitive.

9. Quantitative Method • It compares the relative importance of all impacts by weighing, standardizing and aggregating the impacts. • The best known method here is Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) which consists of Environmental, Social and Economic parameters.

10. BEES  The Batelle method First designed for water resource development, the Battelle method can easily be used in other projects. The principle lies in splitting the environmental impacts in four major categories: ecology, pollution, aesthetics and human interest. These categories are divided into thematic data as shown : Ecology Species and populations, Habitats and communities, Ecosystems. Pollution Water pollution, Air pollution, Land pollution, Noise pollution. Aesthetics Land, Air, Water, Biota, Man made objects, Composition. Human interest Educational/scientific packages, Historical packages, Cultures, Mood/atmosphere, Life patterns, Composition.

11. Audit protocols, methods and tools: The term "protocol" means the checklist used by environmental auditors as the guide for conducting the audit activities. Current technology supports many versions of computer-based protocols that attempt to simplify the audit process by converting regulatory requirements into questions with "yes", "no" and "not applicable" check boxes. Other auditors use permits directly as protocols. In the us, permits for air emissions, wastewater discharges and other operational aspects may establish the primary legal compliance standards for companies.

12. Environmental Auditing and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) ( (Management of Audit) An EMS is a tool designed to enable organizations to achieve continuous improvement in environmental performance. It is one integrated management process with a number of stages, which includes an environmental audit.

13. The stages of the standard environmental management systems are to : 1- adopt an environmental policy that promotes commitment to continual improvement in environmental performance; 2- undertake an environmental review to identify significant environmental issues; 3- set up environmental programs of objectives, targets and actions; 4- establish an environmental management system to ensure the implementation of the necessary actions to achieve these objectives; 5- undertake periodic environmental audits to assess the performance of such components;

14. ‹#› Environmental audit (Management of Audit-EMS)(ISO 14011) 1. Initiating the audit 1.1 Audit scope 1.2 Preliminary document review 2. Preparing the audit 2.1 Audit plan 2.2 Audit team assignments 2.3 Working documents

15. ‹#› Environmental audit (Management of Audit-EMS) (ISO 14011) 3. Conducting the audit 3.1 Opening meeting 3.2 Collecting audit evidence 3.3 Audit findings 3.4 Closing meeting 4. Audit reports and document retention 4.1 Preparation of audit report 4.2 Content of audit report ("Draft report") 4.3 Distribution of the audit report 4.4 Document retention

16. ‹#› Essential aspects in environmental audits Based on audit plan Usually utilises checklists and questionnaires Follows the structure of EMS Uses information available and usable Hard on the issues, soft on the people Feedback from auditees before report; possibility to defence own viewpoints Auditor should create and keep an open dialogue

17. The benefits of environmental auditing include: 1- ensuring compliance, not only with laws, regulations and standards, but also with company policies and the requirements of an Environmental Management System (EMS ) standard; 2- enabling environmental problems and risks to be a nticipated and responses planned ; 3- to demonstrate that an organization is aware of its impact upon the environment through providing feedback; The benefits of auditing: .

18. 4- increased awareness amongst stakeholders; and 5- more efficient resource use and financial savings . Improved environmental practices and environment friendly technology often save money in the long run. The benefits of environmental auditing include: