Environmental issues

Environmental issues

1. Environmental Issues Mohammad Mohaiminul Islam Dept. of Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty of Biological Science University of Chittagong [email protected]

2. What are Environmental Issues? Environmental Issues are any such issues that are created by human activities and can cause harm to the environment. They relate to the anthropogenic effects on the natural environment.

3. Major Environmental Issues

4. Major Environmental Issues

5. Human Overpopulation Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth . It affects environment in many ways.

6. Human Overpopulation It has the following effects on environment- Exceeding biophysical carrying capacity. Land degradation and land conflicts. Inappropriate waste disposal. Water scarcity and water conflicts.

7. Hydrological Issues Hydrological issues refer to the harm of water bodies, water system and constrains on water management system. The quality of water in reservoirs are affected in many ways and also there is a shortage of water.

8. Hydrological Issues Hydrological Issues include- Environmental Impact of Reservoir Affected drainage pattern Flooding Landslide Water scarcity for drinking and other usages

9. Nuclear Issues The uprising usage of nuclear energy is not only an alternative of energy resources, i t is also a threat to environment for many reasons. And the possibility of mass destruction of life and environmental wealth due to the possibility of nuclear war cannot be ignored.

10. Nuclear Issues The enlistments of nuclear issues are- Nuclear fallout Nuclear meltdown Nuclear radiation Nuclear accidents Radioactive waste management Nuclear power and weapons

11. Land Use Issues Land use has been defined as "the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it." (FAO‚1997 ) The most wide land use sectors in Bangladesh are agriculture and settlement.

12. Land Use Issues The land use issues are- Widening the built in environment Desertification Habitat loss Land degradation and pollution Urban sprawl Urban heat island Deforestation

13. Intensive Farming and Agriculture Intensive Farming or agriculture is a kind of farming or agriculture where a lot of money and labour are used to increase the yield that can be obtained per area of land. The use of large amounts of pesticides for crops, and of medication for animal stocks is common.

14. Intensive Farming and Agriculture Intensive Farming and Agriculture are associated with the following environmental issues- Overgrazing Plasticulture Over usage of pesticides Over usage of fertile land Tile drainage

15. Climate Change Climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels .

16. Climate Change Climate change issue include- Global warming Sea level rise Habitat loss Ocean acidification Thermal expansion Ice melting Urban heat island Climatic complications Hazards and disasters

17. Environmental Health Environmental health refers to the influences human health and disease. “ Environment,” in this context, means things in the natural environment like air, water and soil, and also all the physical, chemical, biological and social features of our surroundings.

18. Environmental Health Environmental health includes- Asthma Birth defect D evelopmental disability E ndocrine disruptors L ead poisoning R adiation risk etc.

19. Hazards Hazard is an agent which has the potentiality to cause harm to a vulnerable target . Hazards can be of 3 types- Hydrological Hazards Meteorological Hazards Geological Hazards Apart from these, there can be several sorts of man made hazards.

20. Examples of Hazards Some examples of hazards are- Hydrological: Floods, water logging Meteorological: blizzard, cyclones, droughts, hailstorms, heat waves, hurricanes, floods (caused by rain), and tornadoes Geologic: volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, erosion, and landslides.

21. Examples of Hazards

22. Environmental Pollution and Degradation Pollution is viewed as the release of substances and energy as waste products of human activities which result in harmful changes within the natural environment (Sharma and Kaur, 1994 ). Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable ( Johnshon et al., 1997).

23. Types of Environmental Pollution

24. Air pollution Air pollution refers to the entrance of foreign elements into the atmosphere. Industries, vehicles and agricultural emissions are the prime source of air pollution. Respiratory problems, heart diseases, acid rain, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion etc. are the effects.

25. Water pollution The deterioration of the water quality due to the changes of water quality parameters. Parameters are- PH, DO, TDS, temperature, nutrient elements, electric conductivity, nutrient elements etc. Effects are- lack of fresh drinking water, arsenic poisoning, water contaminated diseases, destruction of ecosystem etc.

26. Land pollution Mostly occur due to the land filling of non degradable elements, solid waste disposal, emission of toxic chemicals etc . As a result, soil fertility is lost, soil ecosystem is hampered, human health is affected and many more.

27. Noise pollution Noise pollution is the disturbing of noise with harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by the machines, Transport and transportation systems, motor vehicles engines, trains, etc. Hearing problems, sleeping disorder, cardiovascular issues etc. are the impacts.

28. Heat Pollution Heat of thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers . Effects are- decrease of DO, biodiversity loss, toxication etc .

29. Radioactive Pollution It refers to the physical pollution of air, water and other by radioactive materials the natural radiations are also known as the background radiations. Sources are- nuclear plants, medical wastes, nuclear mining, cool ash etc. Skin burns, cancer, destruction of cells, genetic defects etc.

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