Environmental regulations in normal development.pptx

Environmental regulations in normal development - Dr,M.Jothimuniyandi - Organogenesis - Positive Factors - Negative Factors -Nutritional Factors- Teratogens-Endocrine Disruptors-Physical Factors-Infections-Hypoxia

1. Environmental regulations in normal development Dr.M.Jothimuniyandi Assistant Professor

2. Environmental regulations Environmental regulations in the context of development refer to the influence of external factors on the growth and formation of tissues, organs, and systems in a developing organism, particularly during sensitive periods such as organogenesis. These regulations can involve: Positive Factors : Such as proper maternal nutrition (e.g., vitamins like folic acid) and optimal environmental conditions (e.g., sufficient oxygen), which promote healthy development.

3. Environmental regulations Negative Factors : These include harmful agents like teratogens (chemicals, drugs, alcohol), infections (e.g., viruses), physical stress, or environmental pollutants, which can disrupt normal development and lead to birth defects or abnormal organ formation. Environmental regulations are critical in ensuring a balance between supporting factors that aid normal development and controlling or minimizing exposure to harmful agents that could disrupt it.

4. Environmental regulations Environmental regulations play a crucial role in normal development, particularly during the phase of organogenesis, which is the formation of organs during embryonic development. Several environmental factors can influence this process, such as:

5. Environmental regulations Nutritional Factors : Proper maternal nutrition is critical for organ development. For instance, folic acid is essential for neural tube development, and its deficiency can lead to neural tube defects like spina bifida.

6. Environmental regulations Teratogens : These are harmful environmental agents that can disrupt normal organogenesis, leading to congenital malformations. Common teratogens include certain drugs (e.g., thalidomide), alcohol (leading to fetal alcohol syndrome), and environmental chemicals (e.g., heavy metals like lead and mercury).

7. Environmental regulations Endocrine Disruptors : Chemicals that interfere with hormonal signaling can affect the development of organs, particularly those influenced by hormonal regulation, like reproductive organs. Bisphenol A (BPA), for example, is a known endocrine disruptor affecting fetal development.

8. Environmental regulations Infections : Maternal infections can significantly impact organogenesis. For instance, rubella virus infection during pregnancy can lead to heart defects, deafness, and cataracts in the developing fetus . Hypoxia : Low oxygen levels can impair organ development, particularly the brain and heart, which are highly sensitive to oxygen deprivation during development.

9. Environmental regulations Physical Factors : Factors such as maternal radiation exposure or mechanical stress during pregnancy can lead to developmental defects during organogenesis. Proper environmental regulation and protection from harmful influences during organogenesis are essential for ensuring normal development and reducing the risk of congenital abnormalities.

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