environmental-report-for-group-7_092146 (2).pptx

Study about phosphorus which have significance for plants, oil, and humans.

1. Phosphorus Cycle Presented by: Mariele T. Balongkit Ashley Josh Yurong Abigale Lagrimas

2. Phosphorus History Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brand at 1669 in Germany. Origin of name: from the Greek word " phosphoros " meaning "bringer of light“.

3. What is Phosphorus? Phosphorus  is a chemical element found on Earth in numerous compound forms, such as the phosphate ion (PO 4 3- ), located in water, soil and sediments. The quantities of phosphorus in soil are generally small, and this often limits plant growth. That is why people often apply phosphate  fertilisers  on farmland. Animals absorb phosphates by eating plants or plant-eating animals.

4. PHOSPHORUS Atomic Number: 15 Atomic Weight: 30.973762 Melting Point: 317.30 K (44.15°C or 111.47°F) Boiling Point: 553.65 K (280.5°C or 536.9°F) Density: 1.82 grams per cubic centimeter Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Element Classification: Non-metal Period Number: 3 Group Number: 15 Group Name: Pnictogen

5. The Phosphorus cycle is the simplest of the cycle. Phosphorus has only one form, phosphate which is a phosphorous atom with four oxygen atoms. ► A multivalent pnictogen, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks . Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms— white phosphorus and red phosphorus —but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. ► In nature, Phosphorus exists in form of phosphate.

6. PHOSPHORUS USES 1.White phosphorus is a chemical that ignites when exposed to oxygen, bursting into extremely hot flames that are difficult to put out and produce copious amounts of thick white smoke. It is contained inside artillery shells, bombs and rockets.

7. PHOSPHORUS USES 2. Red Phosphorus- The head of safety matches are made of an oxidizing agent such as potassium chlorate, mixed with sulfur, fillers and glass powder. The side of the box contains red phosphorus, binder and powdered glass.

8. PHOSPHORUS USES 3. Fertilizer; Phosphorus is known for being essential to DNA and to a lesser extent fertilizer

9. Importance of Phosphorus Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for animals and plants. It plays a critical role in cell development and is a key component of molecules that store energy, such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate), DNA and lipids (fats and oils). Insufficient phosphorus in the soil can result in a decreased crop yield.

10. PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANCE It is an essential nutrient for plants and animals. It is a part of DNA-molecules and RNA-molecules, molecules that store energy (ATP and ADP). It is also a building block of certain parts of the human and animal body, such as the bones and teeth.

11. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Phosphorus moves in a cycle through rocks, water, soil and sediments and organisms. Biogeochemical process showing the movement of phosphorus and its different forms in nature with the help of living organisms is called the phosphorus cycle.

12. What are the five steps of the phosphorus cycle? 1) Weathering Over a long period, phosphates found in the  sedimentary rocks  as PO 4 3- ,  are leached out of the disintegrated rocks from its various environmental sources in the form of inorganic phosphate ions. This process called weathering acts as the first key step of the phosphorus cycle. 2) Mineralization by plants Plants absorb organic phosphorus present in soil and underground water and convert them to inorganic forms for utilization is called mineralization. The aquatic plants absorb inorganic phosphorus from lower layers of water bodies due to their low solubility in water.  3) Assimilation by animals Herbivorous and carnivorous animals, including humans, absorb phosphorus when they consume these plants for their food, a process known as assimilation. Besides, animals obtain phosphorus directly from drinking water.

13. 4) Decomposition by microorganisms Microorganisms such as  bacteria  and fungi decompose organic phosphates back into the inorganic form, which is then returned to the soil and water bodies. Phosphorus-containing compounds may also be carried in the surface runoff to rivers, lakes, and oceans to form sediments. 5) Geological uplift by tectonic movements Over long periods, sedimentary rocks containing phosphorus may be moved from the ocean to the land by a process called geological uplift. The phosphorus thus deposited as sediments are ultimately released back into the environment through the process of weathering, thus completing the cycle.