environmental studies and sustainable development

environmental studies and sustainable development

1. Module – 1 ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEM 1.1 Concept of Environmental System 1.2 Natural and Anthropogenic Environment 1.3 Components of Natural Environment 1.4 Concept and components of Ecosystem 1.5 Structure and composition of ecosystem 1.6 Functions of ecosystem 1.7 Importance of Environmental studies

2. Last Lecture……….. Components of Natural Environment Abstract Components Abiotic Components Biotic Components Abstract Components Location Size of the region Shape of the region Nature of coastline

3. Abstract Biotic Abiotic Natural Environment Components Natural Environment

4. Abstract Components Natural Environment Location: Absolute and Relative location Insular, peninsular, isthmian, continental, focal Size of the region Shape of the region Nature of coastline

5. What is meant by biotic components? Which are they?

6. Biotic Components Natural Environment Biotic components include all living organisms on the planet earth. They include: - Soil Natural Vegetation Animals and Birds Micro Organisms

7. Soil Top layer of the earth surface is called soil. Soil consist of both inorganic and organic matter . Soil characteristics determine choice of crop. Soil controls agricultural production.

8. Soil

9. Natural Vegetation Natural vegetation includes green cover on the earth surface. It ranges from grasses to tall evergreen forests. Natural vegetations are fundamental in economic growth and also environmental sustenance.

10. Animals and Birds Animals play significant role in economy as well as ecology. Animals are also found on the land and in the water.

11. Micro Organisms Micro-organisms are microscopic insects and bacteria They decompose dead bodies of plants and animals. They convert complex materials into simple substances.

12. Micro Organisms

13. What is meant by abiotic components? Which are they?

14. Abiotic Components Natural Environment Topography Rocks and Minerals Surface Water Sub-surface / underground water Atmosphere: Climate Oceans and coasts

15. Topography Topographically the land surface is divided in to three categories: Mountains Plateau Plains Plains are more densely populated as compared to mountainous region because they are more favorable for infrastructure development. Major populated cities in the world are situated in coastal plains

16. Major populated cities in the world are situated in coastal plains Plains are most favorable for economic activities such as agriculture, industries, service sector etc.

17. Major populated cities in the world are situated in coastal plains Plains are most favorable for economic activities such as agriculture, industries, service sector etc. Mountainous regions depict undulated surface with steep slope Hence mountains are least populated.

18. Plateau regions of the world are known for their rich mineral resources.

19. Rocks and Minerals Rocks are mixture of minerals Minerals are of three kinds Metals Non-metals Fossil fuels Availability of minerals determine level of economic development e.g. Russian mineral belts

20. Surface Water Surface water is found in form of rivers, lakes, reservoirs , seas and oceans Use – Domestic and Industrial purpose, navigation, tourism, HEP production, irrigation etc. Brackish and fresh water

21. Sub-surface / underground water Aquifers or saturated subsurface play important role in the economy as well as environment. Ground water is used for various purposes particularly in the areas with limited surface water sources.

22. Atmosphere: Climate Atmosphere is composed of various gases, water vapor and suspended particulate matter (SPM) Various gases and water vapor is used for sustaining natural environment. Weather and climate determine almost all the dimensions of human life on the planet earth.

23. Oceans and coasts Oceans are considered as natural Highways (for navigation) since ancient times. Oceans are source of energy, minerals and natural gas They are huge reservoirs of fish and other aquatic fauna which is a major source of food. Coastal areas are contact zone between land and the sea. They play vital role in fishing, trade, navigation, tourism etc.

24. Summary: The natural environment is composed by abstract, abotic and biotic components Biotic components include all livivng organisms Natural vegetations Animals and Birds Micro Organisms All biotic components of natural environment play significant role in economy as well as ecology.

25. Thank You