essential medicinesand counterfeit medicines [Autosaved].pptx

1.essential medicine definition, examples and criterion
2. Role of essential medicine in Primary health care
3.counterfeit medicine: Definition, example, risk, prevention, Role of drug and cosmetic act, CDSCO, drug inspectors

1. Dr. Deepak Kumar Associate Professor Department of Community Medicine ESSENTIAL MEDICINES and COUNTERFEIT MEDICINES

2. Specific Learning Objectives Definition , essential criterion of essential medicine Essential Medicines and their role in primary health care Counterfeit Medicines and its prevention

3. Improving Access, Quality, and Sustainability in Healthcare Essential medicine

4. ESSENTIAL MEDICINES Satisfy the pr i o r ity hea l th c a r e n e e ds population. Esse n t i al medici n es a r e i n t e nde d t o be of the available with i n the c o n t e x t o f fu n ct i on i n g h e alth s y s t ems at all times adequate amounts, app r opri at e do s a g e f orms, assu r ed qu a lit y , and at a price the individual and the community can afford.

5. Key Facts about Essential medicines Satisfy the priority health care needs of a population. S ele c t ed with r e g a r d t o disea s e p r e v ale nc e , s a f et y , e f fi c a c y , and comparative cost‐effectiveness. Over 350 medicines to treat priority conditions (WHO Model Li s t ). Li s t e d b y their I n t e r n a tional N o n‐p r opri e t a r y Name (IN N) o r generic name , without specifying a manufacturer. Updated every two years , using a transparent evidence‐based process. By WHO The WHO Model List can be used by countries as a guide for the development of their own national essential medicines list.

6. Medicine should be approved in India. Medicine should be used in disease which is public health problem in India. It should have proven safety and efficacy record. It should be cost effective . Price of total treatment should be considered and not the unit price . Criteria for essential list in India

7. 6 . It should be aligned with current treatment guideline 7. It should be stable under storage condition in India. 8. FDC are generally not included unless unequivocally proven advantage. 9. List of essential medicine is based according to level of health care i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary care. Criteria for essential list in India

8. Categories of Essential Medicines 1. Antibiotics (e.g., Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin) 2. Antiviral Medicines (e.g., Oseltamivir, Zidovudine) 3. Antipyretics & Pain Relievers (e.g., Paracetamol, Ibuprofen) 4. Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (e.g., Rifampicin, Isoniazid) 5. Antimalarials (e.g., Chloroquine, Artemether + Lumefantrine) 6. Antidiabetic Drugs (e.g., Metformin, Insulin) 7. Antihypertensives (e.g., Amlodipine, Enalapril)

9. Other Essential Medicines 8. Cardiovascular Medicines (e.g., Aspirin, Atorvastatin) 9. Vaccines (e.g., BCG, Polio, Hepatitis B) 10. Anesthetic Agents (e.g., Lidocaine, Ketamine) 11. Antifungal Drugs (e.g., Fluconazole, Amphotericin B) 12. Gastrointestinal Medicines (e.g., Omeprazole, ORS) 13. Antiemetic Drugs (e.g., Ondansetron) 14. Contraceptives (e.g., Levonorgestrel, Copper-T IUD)

10. Key Roles of Essential Medicines in PHC 1. Ensuring Access to Treatment 2. Promoting Rational Use of Medicines 3. Improving Public Health Outcomes 4. Cost-Effectiveness and Sustainability 5. Supporting Universal Health Coverage (UHC) 6. Combating Global Health Threats

11. National lists of essential medicines can be used as the basis for: procure m e n t a n d su p p l y o f med i cin e s i n th e pu b l i c and private sector, schem es that re i mb u rse med i ci n e costs, med i cine donations and to guide local medicine production.

12. Counterfeit Medicine in India: A Growing Concern

13. What Are Counterfeit Medicines? Definition : Counterfeit medicines are drugs that are mislabeled with respect to identity or source. Examples During the COVID-19 pandemic especially fake versions of remdesivir , favipiravir , and even counterfeit vaccines . Multiple cases of counterfeit cancer medications In some areas, up to 20% of antibiotics sold were found to be substandard or fake . lifestyle drugs (e.g., erectile dysfunction pills) and painkillers .

14. According to the ( WHO), 10-25% of medicines are either counterfeit or substandard . Estimated market value over $200 billion annually. States with higher incidences: Maharashtra , Gujarat , Uttar Pradesh , and Delhi A recent report indicated that 1 in 10 drugs sold via e-commerce platforms in India could be counterfeit. Statistics on Counterfeit Medicine in India

15. Causes of Counterfeit Medicine Proliferation Loose Regulations : Gaps in monitoring supply chains. High Demand for Low-Cost Drugs: Fosters counterfeit market. Weak Enforcement : Limited policing of counterfeiting. Online Sales: E-commerce facilitating distribution.

16. Stringent Enforcement of Laws: India has the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 , which needs stricter enforcement. Amendments to increase penalties for offenders Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO): Strengthening the CDSCO to monitor and regulate the production and distribution of medicines nationwide is key. Increasing the number of inspections and audits can help curb the circulation of counterfeit drugs. Prevention and Control Strategies

17. 2. Public Awareness and Education 3. Pharmaceutical Authentication Technologies Barcode and QR Code Systems Track-and-Trace system, 4. Global Cooperation and Law Enforcement 5. Good Manufacturing and Distribution Practices 6. Improving Access to Affordable Medicines