Essential plant nutrients and their functions

Essential plant nutrients and their functions.

1. S E MINAR ON ESSENTIAL PLANT NUTRIENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS S A M HIG G I N BOT T OM U N I V ER S IT Y OF AGR I C U L TU R E TEC H NO L OG Y A N D S C IENCES W AR NE R C O LLEGE O F DAI R Y TE C H N O LO G Y Ad v is o r: Dr. (Er) Parimita A s si s tant P r ofess o r WCD T , SHU A TS Submitted by: Deepak 17BSFTH037 B . S c (Hons) Food Technology

2. Contents Introduction Criteria of essentiality of nutrients Classification of essential plant nutrients Functions Reference

3. Introduction Plants take up essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air. Soil is major source of essential plant nutrients needed by plants for growth and reproduction. Plants need 17 elements to produce maximum yields and quality. The 3 main nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium together they make trio Known as NPK.

4. Criteria of essentiality of nutrients This concept was propounded by Arnon and Stout (1939) and they considered 16 elements essential for plant nutrition. A plant cannot complete its life-cycle in the absense of the element . The action of the element must be specific, with no other element being able to completely substitute for it. The element must be shown to be directly involved in the nutrition of the plant.

5. Classification of essential plant nutrients The essential plant nutrients classified on the basis of amount required are two types: Macro or Major Nutrients : They are the nutrients utilized by the plants in relatively large amounts. These are nine in number: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sulphur (S) x

6. Classification of essential plant nutrients Macro nutrients have 3 categories Basic elements: These constitutes 96% of total dry matter of plant: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Primary elements: Are those usually required in the largest amount: Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Secondary elements: Are those usually needed in moderate amount compared to primary elements: Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sulphur (S) From air/water From soils From soils

7. Classification of essential plant nutrients B . Micro nutrients: These nutrients required by plants in small quantities and also known as trace or minor elements. These are eight in number: Manganese (Mn) Chlorine (Cl) Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Zinc (Zn) Boron (B) Molybdenum (Mo) Nickel (Ni)

8. Functions of Carbon Important role in photosynthesis by carbon cycle Basic molecular components of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Carbon forms the proteins, starches and cellulose Important role in nutrients absorption Carbon is the primary energy source and building block for plant tissues.

9. Functions of Hydrogen Hydrogen is necessary for building sugars and other molecules to produce glucose for plant energy Important in photosynthesis- Nearly all organic compounds also contain H atoms

10. Functions of Oxygen It is responsible for cellular respiration in plants. Plays a critical role in photosynthesis and respiration Plays a important role in nutrients absorption Plants acquire O by breaking down carbon dioxide (CO₂) during photosynthesis 

11. Functions of Nitrogen Increasing growth and development of all living tissue. Increasing germination of crops. Important in protein production It increase utilization of Phosphorus and Potassium Improves the quality of green leafy vegetables

12. Function of Phosphorus It promote to root formation and growth. Improve the quality of fruits . Involved in photosynthesis, respiration and cell division Seed formation and early maturity

13. Functions of Potassium It increasing in resistant in plants against moisture stress, heat, frost and disease. Improves the crop quality. Formation and translocation of sugars It plays a role in osmoregulation of water and other salts in plant tissues and cells. Increases photosynthesis

14. Functions of Calcium It increasing availability of molybdenum. Improves plant vigor Influences intake and synthesis of other plant nutrients Important part of cell walls Increases nodulation in legumes

15. Functions of Magnesium Key element of chlorophyll production Help in the photosynthesis of the plants Influences the intake of other essential nutrients. It facilitates translocation of carbohydrates and enhances the production of oils and fats. Assists in translocation of phosphorus and fats

16. Functions of Sulphur Promotes root growth and vigorous vegetative growth Essential to protein formation Synthesis of glucosides in mustard oils. Promote to nodule formation. Helps develop enzymes and protein Improves the oil quality of oilseeds

17. Functions of Iron A key role in nitrogen fixation. Help in the photosynthesis. Formation of chlorophyll Essential for chlorophyll production Helps carry electrons to mix oxygen with other elements Acts as a enzyme activator Reactions involving cell division and growth

18. Functions of Copper Indirect role in Chlorophyll formation Electron transport from chlorophyll. Improves flavor in fruits and vegetables Helps respiration Plays a major role in reproductive stage Enhances the fertility of male flowers

19. Functions of Manganese Aids in Chlorophyll synthesis. Development of chloroplast. Increase availability of P and Ca in plants. Playing a key role in photosynthesis

20. Functions of Zinc Role in photosynthesis. Flower setting and proper development of fruits Helps form growth hormones (Auxin etc) Helps reproduction Necessary or chlorophyll production Aids in seed formation

21. Functions of Molybdenum Synthesis of protein in the plants. Help in nitrogen fixation by rhizobia. Increasing in availability of P and S in soil. Helps reproduction Required in sweetness o carrot

22. Functions of Boron Proper development of tissue. Promotes maturity . Essential for cell wall and seed formation Affects water absorption by roots Translocation of sugars

23. Functions of Chlorine Essential for photosynthesis. It is also function in osmo-regulation of plants growing on saline soils. Interferes with phosphorus uptake Chlorine is abundance suppress the plant diseases

24. Functions of Nickel It is important in iron metabolism in plants Also play a vital role in Urea metabolism in plants It is an essential nutrient for both monocotyledons and dicotyledons for completion of plant life cycle

25. Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nutrition https://www.slideshare.net/BholeShankarPaikara/essential-plant-nutrientsppt http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=7777 https://ocj.com/2012/12/hydrogens-role-in-crop-production/ https://www.slideshare.net/rnagar1900/essential-element https://www.slideshare.net/Utkarshkt/essential-nutrientsfunctions-and-deficiency-symptoms-manures-fertilizers-and-biofertilizers https://www.slideshare.net/vigyanashram/plant-nutrients-its-role

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