Estimation and costing of civil engineering works

all about estimation

1. COST ESTIMATION Of Building, According to Indian Standards SUBMITTED BY:- UNDER GUIDENCE OF :- ANSHUL PAL Asst. Prof. VAISHANT GUPTA ANURAG JAIN ANKIT SAHU AMIRULLAH SHAKAR MOHIBULLAH AHMADI

2. ESTIMATION An estimate is the anticipated or probable cost of a work and is usually prepared before the construction is taken up. Before undertaking any work or project it is necessary to know its probable cost which is obtained or derived by estimating. The estimate is prepared by computing or calculating the quantities required and then calculating the cost at suitable rates, to get the expenditure likely to incurred in the construction of the work or structure.

3. TYPES OF ESTIMATES PRELIMNARY ESTIMATE OR APPROXIMATE OR ABSTRACT ESTIMATE OR ROUGH COST PLINTH AREA ESTIMATE CUBE RATE ESTIMATE OR CUBICAL CONTENT ESTIMATE APPROXIMATE QUANTITY METHOD ESTIMATE DETAILED ESTIMATE REVISED ESTIMATE SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE SUPPLEMENTARY AND REVIDSED ESTIMATE ANNUAL REPAIR OR MAINTENANCE ESTIMATE (P499)

4. METHODS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE The dimensions, length, breadth and height or depth are to be taken out from the drawings –plan elevation and section. From the study of the drawings, the building is to be imagined and pictured in the mind and the dimensions are to be taken out correctly. There is no hard and fast rule for finding out dimensions from the drawing but the dimensions are to be taken out accurately. Junctions of wall at the corners and at the meeting points of walls require special attention. METHOD I – SHORT AND LONG WALL METHOD METHOD II – CENTER LINE METHOD

5. R.C.C WORK AND STURCTURE Reinforced cement concrete work is usually estimated under two items. The concrete work including centering and shuttering, and binding of steel bars in position is taken under one item in cu m and the steel reinforcement and its bending is taken under a separate item in quintal. R.C.C work may also be taken as complete work in cu m including steel reinforcement and centering, shuttering and bending of steel to the required shape, placing and binding of steel with G.I. wire in position. R.B. work is finished with 12mm thick plastering in 1:2 to 1:3 cement mortar and the item of plastering is taken separately under separate item.

6. RATE ANALYSIS The determination of rate per unit of a particular item of work, from the cost of quantities of materials, the cost of laborers and other miscellaneous petty expenses require for its completion is known as the analysis of rate. A reasonable profit, usually 10% for the contractor is also included in the analysis of rate. Rates of material are usually taken as the rates delivered at the site of work. The rates of materials and Labour also vary from place to place and therefore A provision for water charges @ 1.5 %of the total cost is made in the rate.

7. PLASTERING Calculation of plastering is always done for 100 sq m According to the target voloume we can find out the exact cost of the specified work. For filling up the joints and to make up uniform surface of wall, this may be increased by some percentage specified below which will give wet mixed mortar. For brick wall 30% For RCC wall 25% T he total dry volume of ingredient materials or mortar the wet volume may be further increased by 25%

8. SHUTTERING Shuttering shall always be calculated in sq m of the outer portion of the structure.

9. VALUATION Valuation is the technique of estimating or determining the fair price or value of a property such as a building , a factory other engineering structures of a various types, lands, etc. By valuation the present value of a property is determined.

10. PUROPOSE OF VALUATION Buying and selling property Taxation Rent fixation Security of loans or mortgage Compulsory acquisition

11. IMPORTANT TERM OF VALUATION SCRAP VALUE SALVAGE VALUE MARKET VALUE OBSOLESCENCE ANNUITY CAPITAL COST SINKING FUND DEPRICIATION COST

12. SCRAP VALUE Scrap value is the value of dismantled materials. For a building when the life is over at the end of its utility period the dismantled materials as steel, bricks, timber etc , will fetch a certain amount which is scrap value of the building

13. SALVAGE VALUE It is the value at the end of utility period without being dismantled. For machines after the completion of its usual span of life or when it become uneconomic, may be sold and one may purchase the same for use for some other purpose then the sale value of machine will be the salvage value

14. MARKET VALUE The market value of a property is the amount which can be obtained at any particular time from the open market if the property if the property Is put for sale. The market value will differ from time to time according to demand and supply. The market value also changes from time to time fro various miscellaneous reason such as in industry, means of transport, cost of materials and Labour, etc.

15. OBSOLESCENCE The value of property or structures become less by its becoming out of date in style, in structure in design etc and this is termed as obsolescence An old dated building with massive walls arrangements of rooms not suited in present days and for similar reasons become obsolete even it is maintained in a very good condition and its value becomes less due to obsolescence.

16. ANNUITY Annuity is the annual periodic payments for repayments of the capital amount invested by a third party. These annual payments are eithers paid at the end of the year or at the beginning of the year, usually for specified number of years.

17. CAPITAL COST Capital cost is the total cost of construction including land. It is the original cost and does not change, while value of a property is the present cost which may be calculated by methods of valuation

18. SINKING FUND The fund which gradually accumulated by way of periodic or annual deposit for the replacement of the buildings or structure at the end of its useful life, is termed as sinking fund.

19. DEPRICIATION Depreciation is the gradual exhaustion of the usefulness of a property. This may be defined as the decrease or loss in the value of a property due to structural deterioration use, life wear and tear and obsolescence. The amount of Depreciation being known, the present value of a property can be calculated after deducting the total amount of depreciation from the original cost.

20. METHOD OF CALCULATING DEPRECIATION STRAIGHT LINE METHOD CONSTANT PERCENTAGE METHOD SINKING FUND MEHTOD QUANTITY SURVEY METHOD

21. CONCLUSION We can conclude that there is difference between the theoretical and practical work done. As the scope of understanding will be much more when practical work is done. As we get more knowledge in such a situation where we have great experience doing the practical work. Knowing the drawings we have estimated the R.C.C. framed building depending upon the Plan, Elevation and section of the building. In this project we have prepared detailed estimate of INSTITUTION BUILDING (WORKSHIP BUILDING) from the plan, elevation and sectional elevation of the building provided in the drawings. The dimensions of the components have been determined as per drawings. The estimation have been done for the calculations of quantities of particulars and by using SOR rates we have determined the amount of particulars. Finally, the probable cost of construction known as the estimated cost. TOTAL COST OF THE GRAOUND +FIRST FLOOR = RS . 17833251.6

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