Estimation of animal's age

How the age of animal is determined by different methods such as teeth, horn rings and some other methods.This presentation mainly include farm animals excluding camal.

1. ESTIMATION OF ANIMAL’s AGE ZAIN ALI ID: 2020-dvmje-014 BY:

2. Knowing animal’s age is useful for both animal management and marketing . Age affects animal value. Both replacement and market cows typically decline in value as they age. IMPORTANCE :

3. METHODS: The  age of animal  is determined chiefly by BY EXAMINATION OF THE TEETH BY THE HORN RINGS By length of the tail brush

4. AGE OF CATTLE:

5. BY EXAMINATION OF THE  TEETH: Cattle  are placed in a  CATTLE CRUSH  in order to restrain them prior inspecting the mouth and amount of teeth that each animal has.

6. DETERMINE AGE OF ANIMALS WITH THE HELP OF DIAGRAM OF TEETH EXAMPLE COW/OX AND BUFFALOES:

7. DETERMINE AGE OF ANIMALS WITH THE HELP OF DIAGRAM OF TEETH EXAMPLE COW/OX AND BUFFALOES:

8. AGE OF CALF: The calf has EIGHT milky teeth. Therefore its age is BELOW ONE YEAR .

9. The ox have two permanent teeth and six milk teeth . Therefore its age is 2-3 YEARS .

10. The ox have four permanent teeth and four milk teeth . Therefore its age is 3-4 YEARS .

11. The ox have four permanent teeth and four milk teeth . Therefore its age is 3-4 YEARS.

12. The ox has eight permanent teeth . Therefore its age is more than six years

13. AGE OF SHEEP/GOAT:

14. Determine age of animals with the help of teeth For Example Goat

15. Determine age of animals with the help of teeth For Example Goat: The goat has Four permanent and Four milk teeth , therefore its age is more than 30 Days .

16. The goat has six permanent and two milk teeth , therefore its age is 2 TO 3 YEARS .

17. Age of Equine It’s All in the Teeth Type, number and appearance of incisor teeth help determine correct age.

18. Adult horses typically have 36-44 teeth 12 Incisors (6 upper and 6 lower) 12 Pre-molars 12 Molars May have Canines (4) Wolf teeth (2) TYPES OF TEETH:

19. Immature horses – Total 24 temporary teeth Stallions & Geldings – 40-44 permanents Most have 4 canines Mares – Total 36-38 permanent teeth Mares are less likely to have canines THE NUMBERS MAKE THE DIFFERENCE:

20. Types of Teeth: Temporary Teeth – small, white, oval shaped; wider side to side than front to rear Permanent Teeth – yellow, larger than temporaries with a general round surface Molars – used for grinding on each side Incisors – used for cutting

21. As the horse ages: Teeth are worn down (height) Change shape (oval to triangle) Cup is worn away

22. 4 years - Temporary intermediate incisors replaced with permanent intermediate incisors 5 years – All temporary incisors replaced with permanent incisors. Horse is full mouthed . 6 years – Cups gone from lower central incisors 7 years – Cups gone from lower intermediate incisors 8 years - Cups gone from lower corner incisors 1 year – All temporary incisors present / Cups gone from centrals 2 year - All temporary incisors present / cups gone 3 year - Temporary central incisors replaced with permanent central incisors THE BREAKDOWN:

23. 9 years - Cups gone from upper central incisors 10 years -Cups gone from upper intermediate incisors 11 years -Cups gone from all incisors . Horse is smooth mouthed . Bishoping– The practice of artificially drilling, burning or staining cups in teeth of older horses. Makes them appear younger Extras:

24. BY THE HORN RINGS: The rings on the horns are useful for the determination of age of animals. FORMULA: AGE= N+2 N= No of rings on horn

25. No of circles on horn are 5 . Age=N+2 =5+2 =7 So the age of the animal is 7 years .

26. No. of rings on horn are 7. Age=N+2 =7+2 =9 So the age of the cow is 9 years .

27. The brush of the tail is only useful as a guide when assessing small, stunted or young cattle. A brush that is about fetlock length or longer is an indication that the animal is twelve months old . This method cannot be used on cattle which have been bang-tailed. By length of the tail brush:

28. Cattle age in a carcass is determined by : checking the physiological skeletal maturity (ossification) (red) of the tips or “buttons” of the thoracic vertebrae . The size and shape of the rib bones are important considerations Colour and texture of the flesh . The use of number (year) branding, tattoos or ear tags with numbers or different colours are good methods of identifying the age of cattle, if they are used according to standards. OTHER METHODS:

29. REFERENCES:   "Live beef cattle assessment" . 1976. Retrieved 31 August 2019 . The Household Cyclopedia of General Information, 1881 http:// 163.172.68.26/sd.php/sls/1607766zMTg1M2JlYTQ/25913032-determination-age-of-animal-with-help-of-teeth-ppt-1.pdf https:// sare.org/wp-content/uploads/Teeth-tags-and-a-tse.ppt MAIN: METHODS OF DETERMINING AGE OF CATTLE BY: Ron Torell Dr. Ben Bruce Dr. Bill Kvasnicka Ken Conley, Gund Research and Demonstration Ranch Manager(UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA)

30. ANY QUESTION?