ETB S04 - (Cloud Computing) important for.

Business

1. Cloud Computing Delivery of services such as processing, storage, database, networking etc. to users and organizations based on their requirements over internet. The servers are located across world.

2. Cloud Computing Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing . Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access technology services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, on an as-needed basis from a cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS). Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet. Ex: Dropbox , a file storage , google drive

3. Introduction to Cloud Computing Definition : On-demand delivery of IT resources over the internet. Types of Cloud Services : Public, private, hybrid clouds. Importance : Reducing IT costs, increasing flexibility and scalability.

4. Evolution

5. Distributed Systems It is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them are depicted as a single entity to the users. The purpose of distributed systems is to share resources and also use them effectively and efficiently.  Mainframe computing Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful and reliable computing machines. These are responsible for handling large data such as massive input-output operations. Cluster computing In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe computing. Each machine in the cluster was connected to each other by a network with high bandwidth. 

6. Grid computing In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that different systems were placed at entirely different geographical locations and these all were connected via the internet.  Virtualization It was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the process of creating a virtual layer over the hardware which allows the user to run multiple instances simultaneously on the hardware. Web 2.0 : It is the interface through which the cloud computing services interact with the clients. It is because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and dynamic web pages.

7. Service orientation It acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports low-cost, flexible, and evolvable applications. Two important concepts were introduced in this computing model. These were Quality of Service ( QoS ) which also includes the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and Software as a Service ( SaaS ). Quality of service ( QoS ) is  the description or measurement of the overall performance of a service , such as a telephony or computer network, or a cloud computing service, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network. Utility computing It is a computing model that defines service provisioning techniques for services such as compute services along with other major services such as storage, infrastructure, etc which are provisioned on a pay-per-use basis.

8. On-Premise Systems: On-premises software is installed and runs on computers on the premises of the person or organization using the software, rather than at a remote facility such as a server farm or cloud. Colocation : allowing businesses to rent space for IT infrastructure in a data centre. Colocation is the way forward for businesses as it provides the physical location, cooling, power and security, so that you can move to a future-proof agile IT infrastructure and expand your global footprint. Colocation services also include the possibility of multiple and hybrid cloud infrastructure

9. Cloud Service Providers

10. Benefits

11. Agility The cloud gives you easy access to a broad range of technologies so that you can innovate faster and build nearly anything. Reliability Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster recovery and business continuity easier and less expensive because data can be mirrored at multiple redundant sites on the cloud provider’s network. Security Many cloud providers offer a broad set of policies, technologies and controls that strengthen your security posture overall, helping protect your data, apps and infrastructure from potential threats. Performance The biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide network of secure datacenters, which are regularly upgraded to the latest generation 

12. Cloud Computing Architecture Components : Client, cloud infrastructure, cloud services. Virtualization : Key enabler of cloud computing, allowing multiple operating systems on a single hardware unit. Visualization : Diagram of cloud computing architecture.

13. Cloud Architecture

14. Cloud architecture is  the way technology components combine to build a cloud, in which resources are pooled through virtualization technology and shared across a network . The components of a cloud architecture include: 1. Client Infrastructure Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User Interface)  to interact with the cloud. 2. Application The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access. 3. Service: SaaS , PaaS , Iaas

15. Cloud Deployment Models

16. Cloud Deployment Models Public Cloud : Owned by cloud service providers, available to the public. Private Cloud : Owned by individual organizations for internal use. Hybrid Cloud : Combines public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them.

17. Emerging Trends in Cloud Computing Multi-cloud Strategies : Organizations using multiple providers. Edge Computing : Processing data closer to the source for real-time insights. Serverless Computing : Running applications without managing servers.

18. Key Features & Benefits Cost Efficiency : Pay-as-you-go models, no upfront infrastructure costs. Scalability : Easily scale resources to meet demand. Disaster Recovery : Backup and recovery solutions with minimal effort.

19. Challenges and Risks Security : Risk of data breaches, access control issues. Compliance : Ensuring adherence to regulations like GDPR. Vendor Lock-in : Difficulty in switching between providers.

20. Public cloud Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party  cloud service providers , which deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet. With a public cloud, all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. You access these services and manage your account using a web browser. Advantages It is highly scalable. It offers flexibility to either scale up or scale down the usage of resources as per the demand or based on a user’s request. It is also cost-effective. Users of a public cloud have to pay for only what they use. Disadvantages A public cloud might have security issues. It is not 100% customizable as per an organization's requirements.

21. Private cloud A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or organization. A private cloud can be physically located on the company’s on-site datacenter. Some companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud. A private cloud is one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on a private network Advantages It provides high security and also restricts access only to authorised users. Hence, this kind of infrastructure is generally preferred in financial institutions like banks, insurance firms, etc. It provides high control over the resources. Disadvantages It is not cost-effective when compared with a public cloud. It has limited scalability and can be scaled only up to the internal hosted resources.

22. Hybrid cloud Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared between them. By allowing data and applications to move between private and public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options and helps optimize your existing infrastructure, security and compliance. Advantages A private cloud is secure, and hence, a hybrid cloud is secure as well. P ublic cloud is scalable. Therefore, the hybrid cloud which is the combination of public and private cloud is also scalable. Users can access both the private and the public cloud as per their requirements; thus, a hybrid cloud offers flexibility. Public cloud is cost-effective, hence hybrid cloud is also cost-effective if the user wants to use the public cloud properties. Disadvantages Complex networking problems: Due to the complexity of having the public and the private cloud, there would be an issue in configuring the network. Organization's security compliance: Both the public and the private cloud should comply with the organization's security norms, and it is not easy to set up the clouds to meet this requirement.

23. Community cloud A community cloud is defined as a cloud infrastructure in which multiple organizations share resources and services based on common operational and regulatory requirements. Advantages The cost of maintenance can be shared among the organizations in the community. It is more secure than a public cloud and less expensive than a private cloud. Disadvantages It is difficult to distribute the responsibilities among the organizations in a community. It is difficult to segregate the data among the organizations in a community.

24. Multicloud The use of cloud services from two or more vendors - gives organizations more flexibility to optimize performance, control costs, and leverage the best cloud technologies available.

25. Public cloud Private cloud Hybrid cloud Community cloud

26. Difference between public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud -

27. Types of Cloud Services

28. Cloud Service Models IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) : Virtual machines, storage (e.g., AWS EC2). PaaS (Platform as a Service) : Application development environments (e.g., Google App Engine). SaaS (Software as a Service) : Software delivered over the internet (e.g., Gmail, Office 365).

29. Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS ) IaaS contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT. It typically provides access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data storage space. IaaS gives you the highest level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources. Ex: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), database, hardware Advantages The service provider provides the infrastructure, and the user has to just install an operating system of their requirements and work on it. The user can modify the architecture as per their requirements since it is basic cloud infrastructure. The user has full control over all the computing resources. Disadvantages There are security issues in an IaaS environment because of its multitenant environment. The outage of the vendors makes it difficult for users to access the data for a while.

30. Platform as a Service ( PaaS ): PaaS removes the need for you to manage underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems), and allows you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications. Need not worry about resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance etc. Ex: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud, OpenShift Advantages: Prebuilt platform: PaaS provides an already built platform for users to build and run their applications. It is a simple model to use and deploy applications. Low cost: Since the platform is already built, the user needs to create only their applications. This reduces the costs related to hardware and software. Disadvantages: Migration issues: Migrating the user applications from one PaaS vendor to another might raise some issues. Platform restrictions: The platforms provided by some vendors may have certain restrictions, for instance, the user can use only certain specified languages.

31. Software as a Service ( SaaS ) SaaS provides you with a complete product that is run and managed by the service provider. Ex: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot , Cisco WebEx Advantages Ease of access: Users can access the applications on the server from anywhere using any Internetconnected device. Most types of internet-connected devices can access SaaS applications. Low maintenance: Users need not update an application. The application is on the server, and it is the service provider’s responsibility to maintain the application. Quick setup: Users do not require any hardware to install the application. The SaaS application is already present on the cloud. Disadvantages Lack of control: Users do not have control over the SaaS applications. Only the vendor has full control of SaaS applications. Connectivity issue: The applications can only be accessed only via the Internet. Hence, if there is no Internet, then the users cannot access the applications

32. Disadvantages of the Cloud Internet Connectivity Vendor lock-in: Organizations may face problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another. Limited Control: cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and monitored by the service provider, so the cloud users have less control over the function and execution of services within a cloud infrastructure. Security: While sending the data on the cloud, there may be a chance that your organization's information is hacked by Hackers.