ethics in neuromarketing field with the perspective of children rights

Research Project

1. Doing a review of literature/ Academic Reading

2. What is a literature review? A literature review is a survey of everything that has been written about a particular topic, theory, or research question.

3. It may provide the background for larger work, or it may stand on its own. Much more than a simple list of sources , an effective literature review analyzes and synthesizes information about key themes or issues.

4. Purpose / Why to write a literature review? To discover what has been written about a topic already To determine what each source contributes to the topic Might be simple summary with an analytical synthesis to give a new interpretation of old material To trace the intellectual progression of the field including major debates To Evaluate the sources and inform the reader on the most pertinent and relevant research To identify gaps (how a problem has been researched and what are unanswered questions to be explored) To identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication To point the ways in fulfilling a need for additional research (find out contradictions and resolve through your work) To locate your own research within the context of existing literature

5. To demonstrate a familiarity with a body of knowledge and establish credibility (A review tells the reader that the researcher knows the research in an area and knows the major issues) To know the path of prior research and how a current research project is linked to it. To integrate and summarize what is known in an area. To learn from others and stimulate new ideas. Identification of variables. Helps in developing theoretical framework.

6. What is involved in writing a literature review? 1. Research – to discover what has been written about the topic 2. Critical Appraisal – to evaluate the literature, determine the relationship between the sources and ascertain what has been done already and what still needs to be done 3. Writing – to explain what you have found.

7. Steps to writing an effective literature review: Gathering sources Focus on your topic: A literature review aims to cover all of the research on a given topic. If the topic is too large, there will be too much material to cover it adequately. Read with a purpose: Read around the issues related to your own research interests.

8. Evaluating sources For each book or article consider: Credentials of Journal: Which journal has published the article? Credentials : Is the author an expert? Argument/Evidence : Does the evidence support the conclusion? Is the argument or evidence complete? Finding Literature/ What to read ? CRAAP principle

9. CRAAP Test of the Reading Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet at nec at adipiscing 05 Donec risus dolor porta venenatis Pharetra luctus felis Proin in tellus felis volutpat Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet at nec at adipiscing 04 Donec risus dolor porta venenatis Pharetra luctus felis Proin in tellus felis volutpat Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet at nec at adipiscing 03 Donec risus dolor porta venenatis Pharetra luctus felis Proin in tellus felis volutpat Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet at nec at adipiscing 02 Donec risus dolor porta venenatis Pharetra luctus felis Proin in tellus felis volutpat Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet at nec at adipiscing 01 Donec risus dolor porta venenatis Pharetra luctus felis Proin in tellus felis volutpat Purpose 05 Why it was written/ Conducted Reason of Research / Study Motivation and may be financing if any? Accuracy 04 Verified, Counter Check possible Sample, Selection, Design Truthfulness Authority 03 Who is speaking What are the credentials of author Source, Primary or Secondary. Etc Relevance 02 Link to your question Enhance the Knowledge Fills the purpose Currency 01 Check publication time Feeds dynamic information as per topic Updated or outdated information

10. Organizing Principles Thematic order: Conceptual, Topic or Content related Methodological order: The way researcher has conducted the research one’s methodology etc Chronological/ Publishing order: Order of events, order of the research in terms of publication and likewise

11. Characteristics of Literature review Linkage to all relevant literature Linkage to previous and current studies Linkage to important areas of literature

12. Types of Literature Review Argumentative Selective Literature to support / refute argument limitation: Selection Biases Integrative I ntegrative literature, all forms of Primary resources generates new Framework and Perspectives Historical Focused on resources of a specific time, start, evolution identify future resources

13. Types of Literature Review 4. Methodological How did they study before? Highlight ethical issues one should consider 5. Systematic Evidence evaluation focus on empirical questions identify cause and effect relations 6. Theoretical Help to know about theories which already exist goal is to establish new hypothesis/concept or theory

14. Use literature to develop the arguments Not just a review. Fits the study into logical development of the research area. Justifies direction taken by the study

15. Draws proper inferences from the studies without overstating, misinterpreting, misreporting or misapplying the findings. Identifies major issues and major themes in the literature that are relevant to the article.

16. Reviews literature critically, pointing out limitations, conflicts and ambiguities in a fair manner. Not too harsh or lenient.

17. References properly (recognizes original, representative and seminal work only. Cites original sources rather than relying on secondary sources all the time.

18. Educates unfamiliar and lay readers enough about the topic. Adequately guides the readers through the literature around the research area.

19. Thoroughness Uses suitable approaches to analyzing and synthesizing, integrating and evaluating the studies. Summarizes a large and diverse literature, including all the relevant information. The purpose is not cite all the articles/studies on the same topic but to select and present the most significant and seminal studies.

20. Uniqueness and incremental value Goes beyond previous reviews in the area. Provides new insights Calls attention to new problem Suggests new solutions Or, adds value to current thinking.

21. Analyzes the literature critically E.g. methods, findings, contradictions. Suggests improvements for future studies. Organizes and explains previous findings, including anomalous findings and differences across studies .

22. Develops hypotheses, propositions or questions for future research. Has appropriate timing.

23. Activity Critically read the introduction and literature review of the 5 articles. Be ready to present your understanding to the class. In next session

24. Go through the two articles, especially introduction and literature review sections, you were asked to review and bring to class for discussion. Check these articles for the characteristics of lit. Review we have covered today.