Ethics of nursing 2020

The code and Ethics is the very important for nursing practice. The various problem and crisis are create during practice so for support to right situation.

1. NURSING ETHICS MR. KULTHE VIKRANT RATNAKAR 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 1

2. INTRODUCTION : INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NURSING ETHICS  THE ICN CODE OF ETHICS FOR NURSES  An international code of ethics for nurses was first adopted by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) in 1953. Ethics is an integral part of the foundation of nursing. Nursing has concern for the welfare of the sick, injured, and vulnerable and for social justice. Individuals who become nurses are expected to adhere to the ideals and moral norms of the profession. A code of ethics makes explicit the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 2

3. DEFINITION OF ETHICS: “It is branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles.” OR “Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.” Moral principle that govern a persons behaviour or the conducting of an activity. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 3

4. Definition :- “A code of ethics is a set of ethical principles, ideals and values shared by members of the group, and serves as a standard for their professional actions.” 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 4

5. Purposes of Nursing Ethics : To identify the ethical obligations and duties for every individual who enters the nursing profession. To determine the ethical standard. To express understanding of nursing commitment to society. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 5

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7. CODE OF ETHICS FOR NURSING 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 7

8. 1. Professional Responsibility and accountability Appreciates sense of self-worth and nurtures it. Maintains standards of personal conduct reflecting credit upon the profession. Carries out responsibilities within the framework of the professional boundaries. Is accountable for maintaining practice standards set by Indian Nursing Council Is accountable for own decisions and actions Is compassionate 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 8

9. 2. Nursing Practice Provides care in accordance with set standards of practice Treats all individuals and families with human dignity in providing physical, psychological, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of care Respects individual and families in the context of traditional and cultural practices and discouraging harmful practices Presents realistic picture truthfully in all situations for facilitating autonomous decision-making by individuals and families 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 9

10. 3. Communication and Interpersonal Relationships Establishes and maintains effective interpersonal relationship with individuals, families and communities Upholds the dignity of team members and maintains effective interpersonal relationship with them Appreciates and nurtures professional role of team members Cooperates with other health professionals to meet the needs of the individuals, families and communities 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 10

11. 4. Valuing Human Being Takes appropriate action to protect individuals from harmful unethical practice Consider relevant facts while taking conscience decisions in the best interest of individuals Encourage and support individuals in their right to speak for themselves on issues affecting their health and welfare Respects and supports choices made by individuals 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 11

12. 5. Management Ensures appropriate allocation and utilization of available resources Participates in supervision and education of students and other formal care providers Uses judgment in relation to individual competence while accepting and delegating responsibility Facilitates conducive work culture in order to achieve institutional objectives Communicates effectively following appropriate channels of communication 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 12

13. 6. Professional Advancement Ensures the protection of the human rights while pursuing the advancement of knowledge Contributes to the development Participates in determining and implementing quality care Takes responsibility for updating own knowledge and competencies 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 13

14. PRINCIPLES OF NURSING ETHICS: 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 14

15. Autonomy & Accountability : Autonomy means that individual are able to act themselves to the level of their capacity  Accountability is the process that mandates that individuals are answerable for their actions and have an obligation to act.  Attributes of accountability: answerability& responsibility 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 15

16. Accountability Of Nursing Personnel : Provide safe & therapeutic environment  Deliver competent & personalized care  Maintaining adequate supplies of material in the ward  Maintaining accurate and up to date records  Maintaining good IPR  Protect client’s legal rights& privacy  Work within ethical& legal boundaries  Keep pace with changing health needs& developing technology  Delivering care as per standards  Delegating responsibility appropriately  Contribute to development of profession 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 16

17. Techniques For Being Assertive: Identify your personal rights, wants and needs.  . Identify how you feel about a particular Situation  Be direct  Own your message  Avoid assumptions about others thinking  Avoid statements that begins with "why", "you".  Ask for feedback  Stop apologizing all the time  Learn to take a compliment  Act confident even if you don't feel confident  Feel free to say no  Evaluate your expectation 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 17

18. Visibility Of Nurses  A quality or fact of , degree of being visible  Degree of exposure to public notice  Nurses themselves are responsible when they don't take a stand neither to correct the distorted images not for the visibility of the roles they have performed in their health care. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 18

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20. Legal Considerations : 1st nursing law : Nursing registration- 1903  Indian nursing council act: enacted in 1947  Amended in 1957  LEGAL IMPLICATIONS:  Torts: Torts are when others interfere in individuals' privacy  Assault: Assault occurs when a person puts another person in fear of a harmful or offensive contact  Battery: It is an intentional touching of another's body without the other's consent  Negligence: it is described as lack of proper care and attention carelessness. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 20

21. Malpractice: Failure to meet the standards of acceptable care which results in harm to another person.  Fraud: It results from a deliberate deception intended to produce unlawful gains.  False imprisonment: It occurs when a client is not allowed to leave a health care facility when there is no legal justification to detain the client or when restraining devices are used without an appropriate clinical need.  Invasion of privacy: It includes violating confidentiality intruding on private client or family matters, and sharing client information with unauthorized persons. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 21

22. Legal documents: Advance directive: Written document recognized by law that provides directions concerning the provision of care when a person is unable to make his or her own treatment choices. Do not resuscitate orders: Written order by a physician when a client has indicated a desire to be allowed to die if the client stops breathing or the client's heart stops beating. Informed consent: It is clients' approval [or that of the clients' legal representative to have his or her body touched by a specific individual. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 22

23. Nursing Liabilities And Preventive Measures All nursing observations should be noted carefully, describing accurately  Patients complaints should be recorded as accurately and specifically  Nurse must report through proper channels  Authorities must be informed regarding any kind of equipment, materials or supplies, which for any reasons less than safe for use in the patient's care  Insurance protection 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 23

24. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY : Registration  Licensing is a mandatory procedure for practice of nursing. Registration aims at protecting patients by providing qualified nurses. The nurse is responsible to obtain registration in the respective State Nursing Registration Council  Legal Liability/Act Of Negligence  License of a nurse can be suspended or cancelled for any act of negligence or mal practice, following a specified procedure.  Medico — Legal case (M.L.C.)  A medico) legal case is a patient who is admitted to the hospital with some unnatural pathology and has to be taken care of in concurrence with the police and/or court. Types of clients which are categorized as MLC in a hospital are.  Road traffic accidents.  Injuries inflicted during brawls/fights, shooting, bomb blasts etc.  Suicide.  Burns.  Poisoning.  Rape victim.  Assault. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 24

25. NURSES ROLE IN A MEDICO-LEGAL CASE : Obtain complete history from patient or significant others  Inform the police officer/constable on duty in the hospital and the CMO. When it is made a MLC, then record it on the patient's case sheet with red ink at right hand top corner. Do not give any statement about patient's condition to police, magistrate or media. Only a doctor has to give information. When a patient has to be discharged, inform the CMO only. After clearance from them, he/she can be discharged. If a MLC patient absconds, inform the CM0 and the treating doctor immediately No patient can leave against medical advice. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 25

26. Correct identity A nurse/midwife is responsible to make sure that all babies born in hospital are correctly labeled at birth and handed over to right parent.  Unknown/unconscious patients must be labeled as soon as their identity is known.  Patients who have to undergo surgery should be appropriately identified and labeled .  Site of operation to be correctly marked particularly where symmetrical sides or organs are there:  Operation theatre (O.T.): scrub nurse has to see all the instruments/ swabs are returned. She has to say OKAY' before closure by the surgeon 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 26

27. Left Against Medical Advice (L.A.M.A.): Inform medical officer in charge. Signatures of both patients and witness to be taken as per institutional policy.  Patient's Property  Inform patient on admission that hospital does not take responsibility of his belongings. All related documents should be kept confidential and safe. Poison case Do not give either verbal or written opinion. Do not allow to take photos unless special permission is granted by appropriate authority. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 27

28. Nurses role to prevent complications : Review nursing practice periodically. Update knowledge and improve skill by attending short term courses, in- service education and continuing education programmes. Should have complete knowledge of all rules and regulations of hospital and know their descriptions {duties and responsibilities).  Follow nursing practice standards/protocols.  Be a keen observer.  Written instructions must have rules and code of practice laid down to ensure the safety and well-being of patients and nurses. All hospitals must have rules, a code of practice laid down to ensure the safety and well-being of patients and nurses. Maintain records and reports of the unit properly. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 28

29. Nurses role to prevent complications : Review nursing practice periodically. Update knowledge and improve skill by attending short term courses, in- service education and continuing education programmes. Should have complete knowledge of all rules and regulations of hospital and know their descriptions {duties and responsibilities).  Follow nursing practice standards/protocols.  Be a keen observer.  Written instructions must have rules and code of practice laid down to ensure the safety and well-being of patients and nurses. All hospitals must have rules, a code of practice laid down to ensure the safety and well-being of patients and nurses. Maintain records and reports of the unit properly. 22/04/2020 MR.VIKRANT KULTHE 29

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