ethics of research and computer in marketing analysis.pptx

Computer aided drug delivery system

1. AL-AMEEN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY THE ETHICS OF COMPUTING IN PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH COMPUTERS IN MARKET ANALYSIS SUBMITTED TO, Dr. R. SUMA MAM PHARMACEUTICS DEPARTMENT AL-AMEEN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY PRESENTED BY, NITHYAA SHRI S PHARMACEUTICS DEPARTMENT AL-AMEEN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 1

2. cONTENTS Introduction Ethics Privacy Liability Ownership Power Computers in marketing research 2

3. INTRODUCTION The pervasive nature of computing technology in modern life means that ethical considerations are increasingly integral to discussions about how these systems are designed, implemented, and utilized. The challenges and conflicts have been presented not only to the practitioner facing new problems but also to the professional philosopher dealing with computer use at a conceptual level. As well, the challenges and conflicts are not only individual, often arising from practical experience, but also collective, involving judgments regarding policy and procedure. These broad observations are no less true for the use of computers generally as for the use of computers in pharmaceutical research. 3

4. ETHICS Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the behaviour of a group or individual. Likewise, computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Computer ethics are just knowing the difference between ethical and unethical. For example, while it is easy to duplicate copyrighted electronic (or digital) content, computer ethics would suggest that it is wrong to do so without the authors approval. To examine the ethics of computing in pharmaceutical research, philosophers have shown most interest with regard to computer ethics, namely, the issues of privacy, liability, ownership, and power. 4

5. Ethical issue 1. Privacy 2. Liability 3.Ownership 4. Power 5

6. PRIVACY • T he right to privacy is thought of as the right of individuals to determine the nature, scope, and manner of information revealed about themselves. • Pharmaceutical researchers need not and ought not contribute to the supply of information available about an individual. Furthermore, given the advent and techniques of data mining, researchers should take precautions and build prohibitors into research. • Example for privacy issue is a right to privacy that protects the sick individual' medical record from public release and that’s the issue of privacy. 6

7. LIABILITY Among the topics related to liability and computer use in general are legal liability, the duty of honesty, the nature of contracts, misrepresentation, express and implied warranties, and negligence. Several pharma companies, for example, Eli Lilly and Company, have said that their research will be made public so people may view the work and come to their own judgments about the efficacy of a drug. • In the case of software written specifically for a certain research purpose, the liability may not fall exclusively on the software provider. • In those situations, it is the duty of the researcher to be very clear in knowing and stating his or her purposes to the programmer. 7

8. • In addition to the increased precision in the communication between the researcher and the programmer, there will be an increase in the accuracy of the data involved in the research. If the right to privacy demands protection, then there may need to be strict limits on who has access to programs, especially programs involving research.  • So, not only is there a need for technological "blockers" to protect against intrusions into programs, po1icy ana procedure must strictly limit access to programs. 8

9. OWNERSHIP Various devices have been used to encapsulate and resolve the question of ownership of software. and, of course, the question of ownership is circumscribed by the right to property.  Devices such as copyrights, patents, encryption, trade secrets, and oaths of confidentiality and standard virtues like trustworthiness and loyalty have been tried to protect ownership and the right to property. In short, not only is there a need to communicate between the researcher and the programmer for the sake of accuracy and liability, there is a need to resolve the issue of property rights, too. 9

10. POWER Power as a crucial matter in the development of computer ethics. "Power" may broadly be construed as any capacity. • This power will impact human life especially in the area of politics, socialisation and • Therefor e, limits must be placed on technology and its development. This debate surrounding computer that they effect society demands the attention to be paid to this area. • Although these are the four common issues in computer ethics: privacy, liability, ownership, and power one can consider three ethical frameworks in examining ethical conflicts: rights (of individuals), justice (fairness), and consequentialism (utility). • Therefore, researchers who use computer technology in pharmaceutical research must be aware of the issues of computer ethics in addition to other issues of conducting pharmaceutical research. 10

11. Computer in Market Analysis 11

12. INTRODUCTION A market analysis is a quantitative and qualitative assessment of a market.  It looks into the size of the market both in volume and in value, the various customer segments and the economic buying patterns, environment in terms of barriers to entry and regulation. Competition and Computerized marketing facilitates the collection and dissemination of current market information. Computer aided marketing was first used in Agriculture for trading cotton in Texas and Oklahoma in 1975. 12

13. How computers are used in marketing? Web based promotion Market research Creating advertisement on media Distribution 13

14. Marketing Information Systems (Mis): A planned, computational-based system designed to provide streamlined decision- making information related to their area of responsibility. Continuously monitors the marketing environment and provides immediate information. Marketing Decision Support Systems ( Mdsss ): The Marketing Decision Support System (MDSS) is a decision maker affiliate marketing information system component associated with the associated information and analysis tools. To develop raw data is useful information for decision making process. 14

15. Aims and Scope of the Study (1) to assess the pros and cons of computer-assisted data Collections in possible samples. (2) to collect information about the survey of drug use agents EMCDA country using computer-assisted data collection system. 15

16. a)     Cost reduction and increased time efficiency. b)   Error reduction c)    Representation, sample and recruitment mode d)   Self sufficiency benefits and disadvantages: e)    Ethical, legal and security issues A. Online collect the data: Online data collections are easy to do because they are cheap and quick, good online surveys are increasingly difficult to carry out due to over-surveying of the Internet population, low response rates and sample biases (Couper, 2000).  16

17. B) Mixed ‐ mode survey Diverse Data Collection : Mixed-mode surveys combine various methods (e.g., online, mail, phone) to effectively target specific subgroups and gather a wide range of responses, enhancing data richness. Mitigating Limitations : This approach helps address challenges such as lower internet access in certain demographics, ensuring more inclusive representation in research findings. Response Rate Optimization : A critical focus in mixed-mode design is understanding how different factors affect overall response rates, which is essential for improving participation and the quality of data collected. 17

18. Dellman (2007) distinguishes five types of mixed-mode surveys, each with distinct objectives and methodologies: Same Data Collection, Different Modes : Utilizing various data collection methods (e.g., online, phone) for the same set of respondents to enhance data richness. Same Panel Data Collection : Gathering data from a consistent panel to reduce costs and improve response rates, though this may introduce measurement differences over time. Different Data from Same Respondent : Collecting varied data points from the same individual across different periods to track changes and reduce research costs. Comparative Data from Different Populations : Gathering data from different groups to facilitate comparisons, typically leading to cost efficiencies. Single Mode with Supplementary Support : Using one primary mode for data collection while leveraging another mode to increase coverage and reduce non-response rates without significant negative consequences. 18

19. Different softwares : Data loss prevention: Symantec DLP, McAfee DLP, Forcepoint DLP. Encryption software: VeraCrypt, BitLocker, Symantec encryption Access control and identity management : Okta, Microsoft azure active directory Secure file sharing and collaboration tools: share file by Citrix, Box, Onedrive with advanced protection. Laboratory information: LabWare LIMS, STARLIMS, thermos Fischer LIMS . Clinical trial management software: medidata solutions, veeva vault, oracle Siebel CTMS Regulatory management tools: mastercontrol , trackwise , veeva vault QMS. 19

20. references Computer-Based Marketing Analysis: A Review Manohar D. Kengar*, AshaM.Jagtap , Akshata S. Gavade , Ganesh B. Vambhurkar , Mangesh A. Bhutkar https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237049900_Computer-based_support_for_marketing_strategy_development https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280563995_Computer_Ethics 20

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