ethics-presentstion-man-as-a-person.pptx

ethics-presentstion-man-as-a-person.pptx

1. Man as a person

2. INTRODUCTION The maxim Know Thyself is coined with the famous Philosopher Socrates. Ethics is the study of man as moral being. What goals we assign to ourselves, what actions we choose to do, and how we treat others - depend on how we understand ourselves as human being. Socrates is wise indeed for proposing that the starting point of wisdom is “to know oneself.”

3. Filipino Beliefs The Filipino viewed Ethics as: Man is a creature of God. Man has an immortal soul. Man has an assigned destiny in life. Man must do good or else be punished by God. Man by nature is good but is morally weak. Regarding morality, Filipinos believe that: Morality is “Batas ng Diyos” A person should respect his humanity, “pagkatao”. A person should love and care for his family. A person should strive to live peacefully with others. A person should fear God and His punishment. 20XX presentation title 3

4. Rational Animal Man is an organism composed of a material body and a spiritual soul. He is the whole of his materiality and immateriality, the substantial union (hylomorphic)of body and soul, matter and spirit. The essential wholeness is what we call human nature. BIOLOGICAL RATIONAL POWER PSYCHOLOGICAL Human Nature The biological powers are nutrition, locomotion, growth; and reproduction. The psychological powers include those of the senses; such as smelling, tasting, seeing, hearing, perceiving, imagining and remembering; and those acts of emotions, such as love, hatred, desire, disgust, joy, sorrow, fear, despair, and courage. The rational powers are those of the intellect and the will –comprehension and volition, respectively .

5. Natural Law 20XX presentation title 5 H uman nature is the natural law because, like the laws of society, it directs man in all his activities. Natural law differs from the so called laws of nature which are the forces governing the material universe, including man. Natural law applies only to man as rational animal. When we speak of an act as “contrary to natural law”, we mean the act to be against human nature or humanity. Divine Law It comprises any body of law that is perceived as deriving from a transcendent source, such as the will of God or gods - in contrast to manmade law or to secular law. According with Angelos Chaniotis and Rudolph F. Peters, Divine laws are typically perceived as superior to man-made laws, sometimes due to an assumption that their source has resources beyond human knowledge and human reason. Believers in divine laws might accord them greater authority than other laws, for example by assuming that divine law cannot be changed by human authorities.

6. HUMAN LAWS 20XX presentation title 6 These are considered conclusions from the natural law when they pertain to those matters about which the natural law offers a clear precept. To use Aquinas' own example, “that one must not kill may be derived as a conclusion from the principle that one should do harm to no man.”

7. A MORAL BEING 20XX presentation title 7 Three characteristics reveal man’s moral nature: 1.Man by natural insight is able to distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong, moral and immoral. All people, including those we regard as primitive, have an understanding of what is right or wrong, of what is permitted and prohibited behavior. 2.Man feels himself obliged to do what is good and to avoid what is evil. He is moved by the inner force of his being demanding that what is good “ought” to be done, what is evil “ought” to be avoided. 3.Man feels himself accountable for his actions so that his good deeds merit reward, while his evil deeds deserve punishment. Man feels content with himself for doing a good deed, or he feels remorseful for doing an evil deed. All cultures have a system of reward and punishment based on the concept of justice.

8. Man as Person 20XX presentation title 8 Man is born as an individual or person. Person is human nature actualized and manifested in the history of place and time. Etymologically, the word ‘person’ comes from the Greek “ prosophon ” which is the mask worn by stage actors. The Latin “ personare ” alludes to the mask which is constructed as to project forcefully the voice of the actor. Underneath the person is human nature which is the principle of human activity. Person is defined as “an individual existing separately and independently form others, capable of knowing and loving in an intellectual way, and of deciding for himself the purpose or end of his actions.” (Brenan:280). We also refer to person as “self” or “ego”

9. PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER 20XX presentation title 9 Personality is the sum of those physical attributes and tendencies which define a person’s distinctive behavior. Personality is the sum of a person’s physical constitution, talents, abilities, and habits which define characteristic behavior. In layman’s terms, personality consists of physical qualities and mannerisms of an aesthetically refined person. Brennan observes: “The person does not grow in stature, but personality develops and enlarges itself according to the pattern of his actions, the mature use of his powers, and the scheme of his habits. There is no such thing as cultivating a person, but we speak of cultivation of personality. Hence, personality is the results of one’s achievement.” Character is often taken as synonymous with personality. This is correct if personality is taken as the sum-total of the psychological systems in an individual which enable him to adjust to his environment.

10. 20XX presentation title 10 Character, however, refers the person’s choice of values and his intelligent exercise of his freedom. While personality is an aspect of the body, character is an aspect of the human soul. We describe personality as pleasant or unpleasant, but we speak of character as good or bad in the moral sense. “Personality is the principle of rational action, character is the principle of moral action.” (Brennan. Ibid:292) MORAL CHARACTER Character is the will of the person directing him towards a recognized ideal. When a person falls short of the expectation, he is said to have bad character. On the other hand, a person who lives up to the ideals of his humanity is said to have good character, or moral integrity.

11. Society is but an extension of the person. Ethics is particularly relevant because of man’s social nature. The golden rule, for that matter, is concerned about the other person. Among modern thinkers, George Hegel teachers that man is fully developed in his participation in family life, civic community, and in the State. Likewise, Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882) expresses the conviction that a person’s morality must identify itself with public welfare. Paul Tillich puts it more clearly and emphatically when he says natural law is the demand for us. “to be a person in the community of other persons.” 20XX presentation title 11 SOCIAL DIMENSION OF THE PERSON

12. thank you MANASLATS, EMERSON VENCE CABA Ñ ERO, JULIE ANN MENDOZA, MIRASOL SILAPAN, KIMBERLY