Ethnicity in Pakistan 2.pptx

Ethnicity in Pakistan

1. Contemporary Pakistan Uni3:Ethnicity

2. Ethnicity Definition of Ethnicity, Major Ethnic groups in Pakistan, What is Ethnocentrism? Positive and Negative effects of Ethnocentrism (Sara Amin, Zainab, Rubab, Saira H, Caroline, Kaneez, Rahila, Sumaira, Tahira)

3. Introduction Pakistan is a multilingual and multiethnic nation. Most of the people belong to one of the country’s five major ethno linguistic groups: Punjabis, Sindhis , Pashtuns ( Pakhtuns ), Mohajirs and Baluchis . Ethnically distinct subgroups exist within each of these five categories.

4. Introduction Overall, ethnic identity is multilayered and complex and may be based on a combination of religion, language, ethnicity, and tribe. The ethnic groups of Pakistan are distributed according to their historical settlement in the region.

5. Introduction The current political regions of Pakistan roughly correspond to the settlement patterns established long before the partition of British India in 1947, when Pakistan was created as a homeland for Indian Muslims and this political culture has strong remains of feudalism in it.

6. Ethnicity Ethnicity refers to a group of people who have their own-shared common characteristics that distinguish them from most other people in the same society. 

7. Major Ethnic Groups in Pakistan Along with the proliferating violence and mass scale bombing,  ethnic groups in Pakistan  continue to stroke and force down the people of this country. This has not been an issue that erupted a few decades ago, but had always encompassed this land since its birth. After raising the curtains, 

8. Punjab The province Punjab, also known as the land of five rivers constitutes various ethnic groups. Arabs, Afghani’s, Persians and Turks ruled the land mainly. Even though all these empires gradually disappeared from Punjab, but their culture and language became a part of people’s lives.  Punjabi  language has different dialects and there are almost 63 dialects of Punjabi are spoken throughout the province of Punjab.

9. KPK Pushtuns , generally referred to as  Pathans , are the natives of West Indus River. They are the second largest  ethnic group in Pakistan . Their majority population lives in Karachi and then in Peshawar. Their unique code of conduct is based on tribal structure and referred to as Pushtunwali .

10. Sindh The province Sindh exists along the Indus River and got exposure due to Indus Valley Civilization . Sindhis  are the inhabitants of Sindh. The name of the land was inherited from Indus Civilization.

11. Baluchistan Baluchistan is situated on the South West side of Pakistan. It is the largest province of Pakistan The population of Baluchistan constitutes 6% of Pakistan’s total population. The people belonging to the land are referred to as  Baluchis .

12. Muhajir The word “ Muhajir ” means migrating from one place to another. These people are migrants from Central Asia and Middle East. The large majority of these people are Pashtuns; others include  Bohras ,  Memons  and  Ismailis . The one thing, which unites them, is the  Urdu  language.

13. Seraikis   Seraikis  speak the language Seraiki and are settled in southern part of Punjab. This is the second largest community in Punjab. It is one of the dialects of Punjabi. There are almost 13.9 million Saraiki people in Pakistan.

14. Ethnocentrism The term ethnocentrism then refers to the tendency for each society to place its own culture patterns at the centre of things.  Ethnocentrism is the practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one's own and automatically finding those other cultural practices to be inferior. 

15. Ethnocentrism Everyone learns ethnocentrism while growing up.  The possessiveness of the small child quickly translates "into my toys are better than your toys"  . History for example, is often taught to glorify the achievements of one's own nation, and religious, civic and other groups disparage their competitors openly.  Ethnocentrism is a universal human reaction found in all known societies, in all groups and in practically all individuals. 

16. Positive Effects of Ethnocentrism

17. Positive Effects of Ethnocentrism 1.It encourages social solidarity in groups and in society by which the forces of co-operation become stronger. 2. It provides protection to group members by, creating sense of belonging among them, especially those Members who are weak, poor, hopeless. 3. It promotes nationalism and patriotism among the members of society. 4.Caste, Biradri and consanguine groups develop by it in which marriage and other social relations are facilitated.

18. Negative Effects of Ethnocentrism

19. Negative Effects of Ethnocentrism 1.It creates tight boundaries among various social groups. 2.The inter-group relations are hampered due to prejudice against another. 3.The process of social relations among various groups gets slower. 4.It creates conflict and tension among many groups.  5.The social forces of cooperation face problems in their operation .

20. 6.It limits an individual in a small social group to which he belongs and is not influenced by the general social changes happening around him in the society.  7.He remains backward in a sense by this way and adopts little changes.  8.The national development in general is slowed down in such cultures when ethnocentrism is emphasized in books, newspapers, radio and television. Negative Effects of Ethnocentrism

21. CONCLUSION Although we typically think of ethnocentrism as something that is very bad, it can at least arguably have some good consequences for group life. Ethnocentrism is generally seen as a bad thing because it leads to prejudice and hatred of other groups.  Ethnocentrism is the belief that our own ethnic group is different from, and in some way superior to, other ethnic groups.  This can lead us to actively despise other groups and, at times, to try to harm them. 

22. CONCLUSION Ethnocentrism can help to prevent this.  If people have the attitude that their group is better than others, I t can give them a sense of identity that binds them to one another.  In that way, ethnocentrism can lead to greater cohesion within a group.