EUCARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS basics in bio

#bio#.com

1. All living things are composed of cells Some organisms are composed of just one cell (like these bacteria you can see on this slide). Other organisms (like plants, animals, and humans) are composed of trillions of cells. To help us get a better idea of how many cells we have, let’s take a look at this slide

2. 2 major types of cells

3. Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, mitochondria and membrane-bound organelles. They are found in bacteria. Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome and lack a defined nucleus. The genetic material is present in the cytoplasm, outside the cell membrane. Prokaryotic cells are small, simple in structure, and can reproduce rapidly. Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are found in plants, animals, and fungi Eukaryotic cells have a linear chromosome and a defined nucleus. The genetic material is present within the nucleus, surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex in structure, and can undergo sexual reproduction.

4. Similarities Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have DNA ( D eoxyribo n ucleic A cid). Both have a cell membrane (a layer of lipid (fat)) surrounding it to protect it from the outside environment and control what comes in and out of the cell. Both have similar things in them: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, fats, and vitamins.

5. Some Differences Prokaryotes are OLD!! Scientists think they have been around for 3.5 BILLION years! Scientists say eukaryotes have only been around for 1.5 billion years. Eukaryotes are much BIGGER!! In general, eukaryotes are about 10X bigger than prokaryotes.