Everything about human kidney

human kidney is a vital organ in our body than helps removes waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) etc.

1. KIDNEY

2. Outline Definition of kidney, it’s structure and function Kidney disease, the causes, the sign and symptoms, and the treatment Food that are good and bad for your kidney Tips to help your kidney health What is urine and what does it’s colour says about your health.

3. What is Kidney The kidneys are a pair of reddish- brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. It is located high in the abdominal cavity, one on either side of the spine, below the ribs and behind the belly. The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the liver, typically result in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney. Each kidney is about 4 to 5 inches long in adult human, roughly the size of a large fist. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder where it is stored temporarily before disposal by urination via the urethra .

4. Structure of the Kidney

5. Function of the kidney The Kidney removes waste and extra water from the Blood(as urine) help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium and calcium) balanced in the body. The kidney also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells Regulation of pH Regulation of ion concentrations

6. GLOMERULUS The glomerulus is a network of small blood vessels known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. The glomerulus is an integral part of the nephron, the basic unit of the kidney. Each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself, and each kidney has approximately a million nephrons. The specific function of each glomerulus is to bring blood (and the waste products it carries) to the nephron. Glomerular filtration is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body .

7. Nephrons A nephron is the basic unit of structure in the kidney. It consist of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine. It separates water, ions and small molecules from the blood, filter out wastes and toxins, and return needed molecules to the blood

8. Types of kidney disease The term kidney disease refers to any disease, disorder, or condition that affects the kidneys. Kidney stone, also known as renal calculus Polycystic kidney Disease or PKD Nephrotic Syndrome Glomerulonephritis Fabry Disease Diabetic Nephropathy IgA Nephropathy (Berger’s Disease) Alport Syndrome Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Kidney cancer

9. Causes of Kidney disease The kidneys can also be damaged by Overuse or abuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen sodium taking illegal drugs such as heroin heavy metal poisoning, such as lead poisoning Smoking some disease that cause damage to the kidney Diabetes High blood pressure Glomerulonephritis Intestinal nephritis Vesicoureteral reflux renal artery stenosis Obesity Abnormal genes Autoimmune diseases. Bacterial infection

10. Signs and Symptoms of kidney disease Loss of appetite Vomiting Swelling of feet and ankles Urinate more often Urine is foamy Urinate with blood Shortness of breath High blood pressure Fatigue and weakness Nausea Muscles twitches and cramps Dry and itchy skin Sleep problems Tired and having problems concentrating

11. Treatment for Kidney disease Treatment for early stage Reducing high blood pressure. Reducing cholesterol level Treating anaemia Treatment for late-stage kidney disease Dialysis Kidney transplant

12. Types of food that helps repair your kidney Cauliflower Garlic Onions Apple Cranberries Blueberries Raspberries Cabbage Red bell pepper Green beans Cereals Breads Vegetables Kale Asparagus Fatty fish Carrots Red grapes Pumpkin seeds

13. limit eating these if you have kidney disease Banana Potatoes Spinach Orange Meat Egg Milk Cheese beans Gelatin dessert and fluids Alcohol Ice cream Chocolate Frozen food Canned food Fast food tomato

14. Tips to help your kidney health Keep active and fit Control your blood sugar Drink plenty of water Monitor weight and eat a healthy diet Monitor blood pressure Stop smoking Limiting alcohol intake Getting enough sleep Maintaining a healthy weight Exercise regularly Take a balance diet

15. What is Urine Liquid excrement consisting of water, salt and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra The colour of the urine is caused by the pigment urochrome, also known as urobilin. (Urochrome is a pigment that causes the yellow colour in urine. It is a breakdown product of the blood’s haemoglobin and is removed by the kidneys. Whether your urine is diluted by water or in a more concentrated form determines the appearance of the of the pigment. The more water you drink, and the more hydrated you become, the lighter the pigment in your urine.

16. What the colour of your urine says about your health TRANSPARET Sign of over hydration . PALE YELLOW Means a person is healthy and hydrated TRANSPARENT YELLOW Normal DARK YELLOW Normal but needs to drink more water BROWNISH ORANGE Sign of dehydration or a possible sign of liver disease PINKISH RED Possible a sign of kidney disease, UTI or tumor BLUE OR GREEN sign of a rare genetic disease FOAMY Sign of kidney disease

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