Evolution of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Historical Perspective.pptx

Evolution of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Historical Perspective.
computer aided drug delivery system. use of computer in pharmaceutical

1. UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF PHARMA SCIENCES Master of Pharmacy SEMINAR Topic - Evolution of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Historical Perspective TARIQ HUSAIN 23MPH10001

2. Introduction Twenty five years ago, one could not even imagine a computer at the desk of every scientist and company manager . Today, computers have become essential for storing, transmitting and managing information. Computer now a days become a very useful and important tool in every field but it is very useful in pharmaceutical industry. Computers have become indispensable in the field of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D), offering innovative solutions and transforming traditional methods. The integration of advanced computing technologies has accelerated drug discovery, improved the accuracy of research, and enhanced the efficiency of the development process. With the help of computer its become very helpful for any individual to do certain task.

3. Origin of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Computers in pharmacy are used for the information of drug data, records and files, drug management (creating, modifying, adding and deleting data in patient files to generate reports), business details. Receiving the details, storing it and processing it and its dissemination is the main role of computers and this continuous flow of information shows effective functioning of any system. Twenty five years ago, one couldn't even imagine a computer at the desk of each scientist and company manager. Today, computers became essential for storing, transmitting and managing information. Within the research and development industry computers don't seem to be only important for drug discovery, but also for the operation of laboratory and analysis of experimental and clinical data.

4. History is divided in different parts.

5. 1950s Within the late 1950s or early 1960s, the primary computers to possess stored programs of scientific interest were acquired. One among these was an IBM 650. It had been administered by Lilly's research statistics group under Dr. Edgar King . Two software which are used for scientific calculation are ENIAC and UNIVAC . The introduction of the  Cambridge Crystallographic Database (CSD)  and the  Protein Data Bank (PDB)  laid the foundation for computational chemistry and drug design and their organic crystal structure . Fortran (Formula Translation), the first high-level programming language, was developed in 1957 by John Backus at IBM.  This made scientific programming more accessible for researchers who weren't necessarily computer scientists . These initial efforts focused on predicting drug properties through basic computational models . Overall, the 1950s represent an important starting point for computers in R&D.

6. 1960s The concept of using computers for drug design started to take shape. Initial attempts involved simple molecular modeling and rudimentary simulations. With the advent of early computer systems pharmaceutical companies began to adopt computers for basic data processing and management tasks. These included managing chemical data, patient records, and simple statistical analyses.

7. 1970 In the 1970s two new computer resources were launched namely the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and the PDB (Protein Data Bank). Computational chemists found this as a boon as these databases would yield more therapeutically active compounds as more compounds were deposited into them. Increased utilization of CADD techniques for predicting drug properties and interactions. Development of  quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models  to link a drug's chemical structure to its biological activity. With the advent of early computer systems, pharmaceutical companies began to adopt computers for basic data processing and management tasks. These included;- 1.managing chemical data, 2.patient records, 3.simple statistical analyses.

8. 1990 Initially no company wanted to make an investment in a supercomputer and it seems that the market would never break open. According to a survey a few years later, 48 chemical and pharmaceutical companies in the US were using computer aided molecular design methods. Rise of Bioinformatics: The 1990s witnessed the integration of large biological databases with computational tools. This fusion gave rise to the field of bioinformatics. High Throughput Screening (HTS): Computers started playing a key role in HTS, allowing researchers to rapidly test thousands of compounds for potential drug activity. These factors led to the growth of the computational scientist pool and computers have become an indispensable factor in the process of drug discovery and development ever since.

9. 2000s [also known as Modern Era] Integration of  artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)  techniques for drug discovery and development processes. Increased focus on  personalized medicine , using individual genetic information to tailor drug therapy Continued refinement of CADD methods, including  in silico  (computer-based) modeling and simulation. Growing use of  big data  analytics to analyze vast datasets and identify potential drug targets and mechanisms of action.

10. What are the future perspective Reducing development timelines and costs. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of drug target identification and selection. Facilitating the design of more potent and specific drugs. Enabling personalized medicine approaches

11. Uses of computers Computers have played a vital role in the development of clinical pharmacy practice and basic pharmacy research :- Patient record Management Entries of Medication Orders Patient Medication Profile Drug Therapy Monitoring & Problem Detection Record Drug-Drug Interactions & ADR'S Pharmacy Automated drug interaction screening (PADIS)system Teaching Techniques Building Data Base Inventory control Medical Research Computerizing Drug Information System

12. Reference Review article 1.History of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development by ClinSkill | Dec 19,2017Pharmaceutical 2.Clinskill academy Research BOOK 3.Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Research and Development - " S.Ekins (Wiley, 2006) WW".