Evolution of Traditional to New Media_Lesson 4

Lesson 4_Evolution of Media.pptx

1. EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA TO NEW MEDIA RENZO ERENEA, MEGHAN BATAGA, AND ELISSA JAYNE DELY WWW.EVOLUTIONOFMEDIA.COM

2. Identify traditional and new media. 01 Compare and contrast the traditional media-new media 03 Identify the normative theories of the press. 04 Identify different media used in various ages. 02 OBJECTIVES 02 PAGE

3. THE EVOLUTION OF MEDIA TRADITIONAL - NEW MEDIA INTRODUCTION: 03 PAGE Media have evolved throughout time – from pre-historic age to information age. The evolution of traditional to new media depicts the records of the past on the progress of media technology which helps people communicate and disseminate information in the fastest and efficient ways. WWW.EVOLUTIONOFMEDIA.COM

4. VARIOUS ERAS IN THE HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION 1 2 Pre-Historic Age (Before 1700s) 3 Electronic Age (1930s - 1980s) 4 Information Age (1900s - 2000s) Industrial Age (1700s - 1930s)

5. Traditional Media 05 PAGE People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. The prehistoric inhabitants used stone tools and metals as part of their daily activities like hunting and gathering. They also used crude stone tools to create things considered rock art. PRE-HISTORIC AGE (BEFORE 1700S)

6. cave paintings Cave paintings are numerous paintings and engravings found on cave walls or ceilings around 38 000 BCE. 06 PAGE EXAMPLES OF MEDIA PRE-HISTORIC AGE

7. EXAMPLES OF MEDIA PRE-HISTORIC AGE 07 PAGE clay tablets Clay tablets are used as a writing medium especially for writing in cuneiform. Cuneiform is one of the oldest forms of writing. This means that communication was used for over 3 000 years in 15 different languages.

8. 08 PAGE PRE-HISTORIC AGE EXAMPLE OF MEDIA Papyrus Papyrus is made up from pith of papyrus plant.it is used in ancient times as writing surface to designate documents written on its sheets, rolled up to scrolls.

9. INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700S-1930S) Traditional Media 09 PAGE People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufactoring of various products (including books through the printing press).

10. EXAMPLES OF MEDIA INDUSTRIAL AGE printing press A printing press is typically used for texts. it is a device that applies pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (like paper or cloth). 10 PAGE

11. EXAMPLES OF MEDIA INDUSTRIAL AGE 11 PAGE telegraph Telegraph is used for long-distance communication by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations.

12. 12 PAGE Motion picture Motion picture is series of still photos on film, projected in rapid succession onto a screen by means of light. INDUSTRIAL AGE EXAMPLE OF MEDIA

13. ELECTRONIC AGE traditional media 13 PAGE The electronic age started when people utilized the power of electricity that made electronic devices like transistor radio and television work. The creation of the transistor piloted the rise of the electronic age. The power of transistors was used in radio, electronic circuits, and early computers. In this period, people made use of air access to communication. (1930S - 1980S)

14. EXAMPLE OF MEDIA ELECTRONIC AGE transistor radio A transistor radio is a small portable radio receiver that uses transistor -based circuitry. 14 PAGE

15. 15 PAGE Mainframe Computer A mainframe computer is a large computer capable of rapidly processing massive amounts of data at high speeds. Mainframe is used for transaction servers, commercial databases, and applications that need ample reliability, security, and speed. ELECTRONIC AGE EXAMPLE OF MEDIA

16. 16 PAGE ELECTRONIC AGE EXAMPLE OF MEDIA Large Scale Computers Large scale computers used to calculate mathematical equation

17. 15 PAGE Apple 1 Computer In 1975, Steve Wozniak designed the Apple I as his personal computer to use the ARPANET and play games. It is the world first computer. ELECTRONIC AGE EXAMPLE OF MEDIA

18. INFORMATION AGE (1900S-2000S) New Media 17 PAGE The information age is a period also known as the digital age. This period signified the use of the worldwide web through an internet connection. Communication became faster and easier with the use of social networks or social media platforms such as Facebook, Messenger, Instagram , Twitter, among others.

19. EXAMPLES OF MEDIA INFORMATION AGE 18 PAGE Blogs Mobile apps Social media networks Streaming services Virtual and augmented reality Websites.

20. DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET PAGE WWW.EVOLUTIONOFMEDIA.COM The internet was the work of dozens of pioneering scientists, programmers and engineers who each developed new features and technologies that eventually merged to become the “information superhighway” we know today. 30

21. DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNET PAGE ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983. And from there, researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. The web is different from the internet, it is actually just the most common means of accessing data online in the form of websites and hyperlinks 32

22. DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNET PAGE The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, ARPANET used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network. 33

23. BIRTH OF GOOGLE New Media 08 WWW.EVOLUTIONOFMEDIA.COM PAGE The very popular search engine called Google was invented by computer scientists Larry Page and Sergey Brin . The site was named after a googol . During the period of rapid growth, the company introduced a variety of products, including Gmail, Google Docs, Google Drive, Google Voice, and a web browser called Chrome. 34

24. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL MEDIA TO NEW MEDIA RENZO ERENEA, MEGHAN BATAGA, AND ELISSA JAYNE DELY

25. Media experience is limited 01 Sense receptors used are very specific 03 Identify the normative theories of the press. 04 One directional 02 TRADITIONAL MEDIA THE 40 PAGE

26. Media experience is more interactive 01 Integrates all the aspect of old media 03 Identify the normative theories of the press. 04 Audience are more involved and can send feedback simultaneously 02 NEW MEDIA THE 41 PAGE

27. NEW MEDIA 42 PAGE TRADITIONAL MEDIA Only the sender decides what to publish, telecast or broadcast, while the receiver always receives the information. New media gives a lot of freedom over creation of information and in sharing information. New media involves two-way communication which means the message can be addressed to targeted audience. Traditional Media is designed for mass consumption which means they are targeted at mass consumers.

28. NEW MEDIA 43 PAGE TRADITIONAL MEDIA Books Journalism Music Newspaper Magazines Television Film Blogs Podcast Facebook Internet Twitter Instagram Websites

29. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA 1. INFORM CITIZENS OF WHAT IS HAPPENING (MONITORING FUNCTION)

30. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA 2. EDUCATE THE AUDIENCE (MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTS)

31. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA 3. PROVIDE A FLATFORM FOR PUBLIC DISCOURSE ( PUBLIC OPINION AND EXPRESSION OF DISSENT ) Public Opinion- views prevalent among the general public

32. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA 4. “WATCHDOG” ROLE OF JOURNALISM

33. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA 5. CHANNEL FOR ADVOCACY FOR POLITICAL VIEWPOINTS

34. NORMATIVE THEORIES OF THE PRESS RENZO ERENEA, MEGHAN BATAGA, AND ELISSA JAYNE DELY

35. NORMATIVE THEORY OF THE PRESS AUTHORITARIAN 45 PAGE THEORY

36. Authoritarian theory describe that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats 46 PAGE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY

37. Press is taken as a weapon of the powerful. It is used to increase the power of the rulers. The authorities can also cancel the license. Authoritarian theory is taken as a theory used by the dictatorship governments, but can also be seen in democratic as well as dictatorial nations. 46 PAGE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY

38. Information, when distributed, might put security at risk and cause to be a national threat. Thus, the theory is justified by saying that state is greater than individual rights where state controls the media, especially in the time of emergencies like wars and conflicts. 46 PAGE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY

39. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication (information or news). The press is an instrument to enhance the ruler's power in the country rather than any threats. 47 PAGE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY

40. 47 PAGE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY Control of government and authority Oppressed Media Use of Power. Punishment rule Limited Rights Cancelation of license Privatize Concept of propaganda Media to strengthen the government.

41. 47 PAGE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY This approach is sometimes better for resolving social and cultural conflicts. It is also better sometimes because it motivates people to work for the country and its people. This theory can act as a gatekeeper and prevent the media that act irresponsibly. The theory can be used for establishing propaganda.

42. NORMATIVE THEORY OF THE PRESS LIBERTARIAN 59 PAGE THEORY

43. Sees people are more enough to find and judge good ideas from bad. The theory says people are rational and their rational thoughts lead them to find out what are good and bad. 60 PAGE LIBERTARIAN THEORY

44. The press should not restrict anything even a negative content may give knowledge and can make better decision whilst worst situation. The libertarian thoughts are exactly against or opposite to the authoritarian theory which means the authoritarian theory says 'all forms of communication works under the control of government or elite like king. 61 PAGE LIBERTARIAN THEORY

45. Libertarian theory sees people are more enough to find and judge good ideas from bad. The theory says people are rational and their rational thoughts lead them to find out what are good and bad. The press should not restrict anything even a negative content may give knowledge and can make better decision whilst worst situation. 61 PAGE LIBERTARIAN THEORY

46. 61 PAGE LIBERTARIAN THEORY Free Media Freedom of thoughts Individualism No censorship High competition No government influence Accountability Majority rule

47. 61 PAGE LIBERTARIAN THEORY Media can give true information without any control. There is no censorship. All individuals can express their opinion and thoughts in the media openly. The theory encourages healthy competition among the thoughts and ideas. Every work will be transparent to all. It checks the government and the state authorities and also prevents corruption. It functions with democracy. Strengths

48. 61 PAGE LIBERTARIAN THEORY Media might not always act responsibly. Individuals might not always have good intentions and ethics. People can not always make rational judgements. Freedom of different type of people, ideas, opinions, school of thoughts, and group objectives can be in a conflict. Media can misuse its power and harm other people’s privacy and dignity. Media might defame, cause sedition, libel or slander, be immodest, publish obscenity and cause trouble. Media might challenge the security of the state. Weaknesses

49. NORMATIVE THEORY OF THE PRESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 62 PAGE THEORY

50. Allows free press without any censorship but at the same time the content of the press should be discussed in public panel and media should accept any obligation from public interference or professional self-regulations or both. 63 PAGE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY

51. The theory lies between both authoritarian theory and libertarian theory because it gives total media freedom in one hand but the external controls in other hand. 64 PAGE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY

52. 63 PAGE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY Social responsibility is ethics that guide any action, be it in media or other organization that put an obligation towards environment, society, culture and economy. The media like any other sector should not harm, but should promoted environment and socio-cultural aspects in relation to the economy of the place. It encourages total freedom to press and no censorship, but it should be regulated according to social responsibilities and external controls. Content is also filtered through public obligation and interference.

53. 63 PAGE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY Private press ownership Helps democracy prosper Media as a democratic institution Public participation Emphasis on social responsibility Self-regulation in media Code of ethics Helping eradicate social problems Media role of criticizing government

54. 63 PAGE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY It helps in avoiding conflicts during wars and conflicts. It accepts public opinion and works for the citizens. Press and media houses do not have monopoly as rules and ethics guide them. The media publishes truth due to regulatory activities and their moral obligation to do so. Yellow journalism decreases as media can be questioned by the law and public. Strengths

55. NORMATIVE THEORY OF THE PRESS SOVIET MEDIA 18 PAGE THEORY 48

56. The Soviet Union was restructured with new political system based on the Marxist-Leninist principles. The newly formed communist party by Lenin shows much interest in the media which serves to the working class in the country and their welfares. 05 PAGE SOVIET MEDIA THEORY 49

57. So the Soviet originates a theory from Marxist Leninist and Stalinist thoughts, with mixture of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ideology is called 'Soviet Media Theory' is also known as The Communist Media Theory. 50 PAGE SOVIET MEDIA THEORY

58. 50 PAGE SOVIET MEDIA THEORY The communist theory of mass media came into being along with the concept of communism. Media is taken as a part of the state in Communist theory. The ownership of media is with the state and the country runs the media as per their wishes to fulfill their propaganda of control.

59. 50 PAGE SOVIET MEDIA THEORY Media followed communist ideology of governance and political system. Media was used to transmit propaganda and for transmission of social policies. Media was taken as government instrument. Media was owned by the state. Criticism of communist ideology was taken as a crime. It helped the working class to work better and highlighting their problems and it made people aware about communism. The theory was a positive one as it tried to ensure truthful information and not let the information get manipulated by private media.

60. 50 PAGE SOVIET MEDIA THEORY Authoritarian, there is private ownership of media Soviet communist theory, the control lies in very small number of leaders in soviet communist theory. Difference between Authoritarian

61. 50 PAGE In your own understanding, define the four normative theories of the press. Discuss its main concepts and features. (16pts)